BOLTON, b5Plon, or BOLTON-LE-MOORS from the moorlands where it is situated). An important manufacturing town in Lancashire, England. on the Croat. 10 miles northwest of Manchester (Map: England, I) 3). it is one of the principal scats of the cotton manufacture in England. its spinning-factories ;thaw employing over 20,000 workmen. In addition there are large foundries and iron-works, dye-works. paper mills, soap-factories. and silk-weaving estab lishments and coal-mines in the vicinity. The munieilml enterprise of the town in no way lags behind its industrial activity. Its water-works were municipalized as early as 1847: it owns and operates the gas works, an electric plant. the electric street railways, and maintains ice houses, markets. and slaughter-houses. all of whieh yield a substantial income after covering ;di expenses of maintenance, interest. and amortization, and saving immense sums of money to the citizens and time city treasury in lower charges. Even the sewage is utilized in connec tion with a sewage-farm maintained by the city fur that purpose. The public baths, numerous
recreation -grounds and parks, a higher - grade hoard school, technical and art schools, live pub lic libraries, and two musem»s are the results of the eity's efforts on behalf of its people. The city returns two members to Pariiament. Popu lation, in 1891, 146,487; in 1901, 168.201 The history of Bolton since very early times is almost entirely industrial. Flemish immigrants in 13:37 laid the foundations of the woolen manu fa•tures, and this was further stimulated by the arrival of French 11ugttenots toward the end of the Seventeenth Century. The inventions of Arkwright and Crompton. who were natives of Bolton, naturally revolutionized industry there, though the new machines were met at first with great disfavor. During the Civil War the town was stormed by the Earl of Derby and Prince Rupert ( 1644 ) .