The founder of the Orleans or younger branch of the Bourbon royal family of France was Philip, Duke of Orleans, the younger brother of Louis XIV. Be died in 1701, leaving, by his second marriage, with Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate, a son of his own name as his heir, who was regent of France during the minority of Louis XV. The latter's son, Louis Philippe, Duke of Orleans (born 1703), married a princess of Baden, and died in 1752, leaving an only son of his own name (1725-S5), whose son and heir was that Louis Joseph Philippe, Duke of Orleans, so notable in the French Revolution, who, in 1792, renounced his rank, taking the name of Citizen Egalitt% and died by the guillotine in 1793. Philippe Egalitil left four children: (I) Louis Philippe, who, before the Revolution, was styled Duke of Chartres—that being the ordinary title of the eldest son of the Orleans family—became afterwards Duke of Orleans, was King of the French from 1830 to 1848, and died in England on August 26, 1850; (2) the Duke of Montpensier, who died in England in 1807; (3) the Count of Beaujolais, who died at Malta in 1808; (4) Ade laide, styled Mademoiselle d'Orleans (1777-1S47). -LOUIS PHILIPPE left a numerous family by his Queen, Amelia of Naples. His eldest son, Ferdi nand. Duke of Orleans, lost his life in an accident OD July 13. 1S42, leaving by his wife, the Princess Helen of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, two sons, the eldest of whom, Louis Philippe Albert, Count of Paris (183S-94) (q.v.), left as his heir Louis Philippe Robert, Duke of Orleans, horn February 6, 1869. Concerning the other members of Louis Philippe's family, see the article Loris PHILIPPE.
Louis XIV. having succeeded in placing his grandson, Philip, Duke of Anjou, on the throne of Spain, in 1700, as Philip V., this prince be e:tine the founder of the Spanish Bourbon dy nasty, as well as of the Bourbon dynasties of Naples, and Parma and Piacenza. These dynasties endured only a temporary overthrow from the policy and arms of Napoleon Bonaparte. Philip V. was succeeded on the Spanish throne by his son, Ferdinand VI., who died without issue in 1759, and the crown fell to his brother, Charles HI., whose son and successor, Charles IV., was compelled to resign it in 1SOS, in favor of a successor nominated by Napoleon, and died at Naples in 1819. The two eldest sons of Charles IV. by his marriage with Maria Louisa of Parma were—(1) Don Fernando, Prince of Asturias, who, after the overthrow of Napoleon, reigned as Ferdinand V11., whose eldest daughter was Isa bella 11., the mother of Alfonso X11.; (2) Don Carlos (see CABLOS DE BOURBON ) , who in 1833 became pretender to the Spanish throne, and in 1845 resigned his pretensions in favor of his son, Don Carlos, who styled himself Count of Montemolin. He died at Trieste, 1S55. The
Count of Montemolin died in 1861, mud his claims to the Spanish throne are now represented by his nephew, Don Carlos, son of his brother Juan.
When the Bourbon dynasty was established on the throne of Spain in the person of Philip V., Naples and Sicily were severed from that mon archy (1713-14). Naples was given to Austria, and Sicily to Savoy, which in 1720 ceded the is land to Austria in exchange for Sardinia. In the treaty of Vienna (1735), Don Carlos, son of Philip V., became King of the Two Sieilies, as Charles III. Upon his accession to the throne of Spain in 1759, he gave up that of the Two Sieilies to his third son, Don Fernando, called Ferdinand 1V., with the express stipulation that it should never again be occupied by a King of Spain. Fer dinand 1V. was deprived of Naples by Napoleon in 18'06; but after the overthrow of Napoleon he recovered it, and in 1816 he proclaimed himself King of the consolidated realm of the Two Sieilies as Ferdinand I. His son, Francis 1., left the throne in 1830 to his son Ferdinand II. (q.v.), whose son, Francis II., was expelled in 1860, when Naples was incorporated with the new Kingdom of Italy.
By the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle in 174S, Aus tria made over the duchies of Parma and Pia cenza to Don Philip, the youngest son of Philip V. of Spain, but with the stipulation of their reversion to Austria on the failure of male descendants, or on his succeeding to the throne of Spain. He was succeeded in 1765 by his son, Ferdinand I., whose son. the hereditary Prince Charles Louis, was made King of Etruria in 1801, under the guardianship of his mother, Maria Louisa of Spain, the cession of Parma and Piacenza to France on the death of Ferdinand being provided for. Ferdinand died in 1S02, and in 1807 Napoleon took possession of Etruria. The Congress of Vitnna assigned Parma and Piacenza for life to Maria Louisa of Austria, the spouse of Napoleon, but meanwhile indemnified Maria Louisa of Spain with the Duchy of Lucca. The latter was succeeded in 1824 by her son Charles Louis. He made over Lucca to Tuscany in 1847, and in the same year Parma and Pia cenza reverted to the Bourbon family, in his person. He abdicated on March 14, IS49, and was succeeded by his son, Charles III., and he in 1854 by his son Robert—born 184S—whose mother, Marie Louise Th6rese de Bourbon, daughter of the Duke of Berry, then became re gent of the duchies. The Bourbon family ceased to reign here in 1859. See ITALY and PARMA.