BRUGMANN, Humaticil KARL (1849—). A German comparative philologist, born in Wiesbaden, March 16, 1549. Ile studied in Ilalh• and Leipzig, and was instructor in the gymnasium in Wiesbaden from 1872 to 1873, and in Leipzig from I573 to 1877. In 1877 he became privat-docent at the University of Leipzig, and in 1582 was appointed assistant professor. Ile was called to the chair of comparative philology in Freiburg in 1884, and in ISS7, after the death of Curtius, lie was recalled to Leipzig to succeed the latter. With Osthoti (of Heidelberg) Brugmann became the foremost representative of the new and revolutionary school of philologists known as Junggrammatikur or Neo-grammarians.' This school followed Leskien. especially in urging the inviolability of laws of sound-ehanges. and in em phasizing the working of analog as an important linguistic factor, as well as in laying stress on the observation of phonetic laws and their opera tion in modern languages. These principles Brugmann developed with Osthoff in their .1/o-• phologischc Unfrrsuchungen auf dent Gcbici der -indoqermanischcn Sprachen (Vol. I.-1V., 1S78 S7 ; Vol. V., 1889). Very important in the his tory of the new movement was Brugmann's arti cle on "Nasalis Sonans," in Curtius's Studien zur griechischen and latcinischen Grammatik, Vol. IX. (Leipzig, 1897). The views advanced in this paper were so much in opposition to the ideas of Curtius that a personal rupture between the men was the final result. The theories of the development of the Indo-Germanic vocalic nasal are, however, to-day universally acknowledged by linguists, although the battle hetween the old school and the new raged for twenty years.
Brugmann's greatest contribution to philology is the monumental work. Grundriss der rergleiclien den. Grammatik der indogermanischen Sprachen, the first edition of which appeared in two vol umes of four parts each (1886-1900), with an additional three volumes on Syntax by Delbrfick (1S93-i900). This edition, without the syntax, was translated into English in 5 vols. (ISS8-95), and the publication of a second edition was begun in 1897. In this work Brugmann collects and classifies with great learning the vast mass of material upon the phonology and inflec tion of the Indo-Germanic languages. Other important works of Brugmann are: Ein Problem sicr homerischen TextkrItik (1S76); Litauischc Yolks?leder and Miirchen, in collaboration with A. Leskien (1882) Zuni heatigen Stand der .Sprachtrissenschaft (1885); Grirchische Gram matik (2d ed., 1900) Kurz(' rergleichendeGram matik (1902). In connection with W. Streitbcrg he is editor of the Indogermanische Forschungcn (Strasburg, 1892 et seq.). Ile has been knighted by the King of Saxony, and in 1896 he was in vited. with other distinguished scholars, to at tend the Jubilee of Princeton University, New Jersey, where he received the degree of Doctor of Laws.