BRUNO, SAINT (1030-1101). The founder of the Carthusian order of monks. He was born in Cologne. and received his earliest education in the school attached to the Collegiate Church of Saint Cunibert. in that city. Subsequently lie studied in Rheims, where he distinguished him so greatly that Bishop Gervasius appointed him in 1057 director of all the schools in his diocese. Bruno. however, soon began to be trou bled by the wickedness of his time• and, anxious to escape from what seemed to him the general pollution, lie took refuge, along with six pious friends, in a desert place. 14 miles north of Grenoble, and there, in 1084, founded the Order of the Cartlinsians (q.v.). so called front the monastery, now known as La Grande Chartreuse. The present building was erected after the last fire in 1676. Bruno and his companions had each a separate cell, in which they practiced the sever ities of the rule of Saint Benedict. keeping silence during six days of the week, and only see ing one another on Sundays. Pope Urban II.,
who was one of P,raino's most eminent scholars, in 1090 summoned the saint to Rome to be his adviser. Bruno obeyed the call reluctantly, and steadily refused all offers of preferment. Ile was the companion of Urban in his flight to the Campagna front the threatened onslaught of the Emperor Henry IV.. and shortly after (1094) established a second Carthusian monastery, called La Torre, in a solitary district of Calabria, not far from Squillace, on the bay of the same name, and there died, October 6, 1101. He was canonized by Leo X. in 1514. Bruno left no writ ten regulations for his followers. These first made their appearance in a complete form in 15s1, and were enjoined on all Carthusians by Pope Innocent IX. Consult.: Tappert, Life of Bruno (Luxemburg, 1872) ; another appeared at Montreuil-sur-Mer (189S).