The municipal income for the fiscal year of 1901 was $0.985,520. The. expenditures for maintenance and operation amounted to over $0,000,000. The principal items included: Schools, about $1,050,000, of which $110,000 is devoted to the University; police department, $000,000; fire department, $495,000; water works, $475,000; nmnieipal lighting, $340,000; hospitals. asylums, charities. $210.000; street ( leaning and sprinkling, $200,000; other street expenditures, $100.000.
The population, in 1810, was 2540; in 1850, 115.435: in 1870, 210,239; in 1880. 255,139; in 1890, 290.908: and in 1900 it was 325.902. of which number 57,901 were foreign-born whites and 14.500 were colored. The apparently slow increase of population during the last decade is due to the introduction of the electric street railways, which, enabling workmen to live in suburban towns, has swelled the population of these districts at the expense of the toothy!. city.
IitsTortY. On his way to attack the Indians at Chillicothe, in 1780, George Rogers Clark stopped here, and erected two small blockhouses, which. however. were soon abandoned. The per manent settlement dales front 178q, when a von pant' from New Jersey and Kentucky settled on part of the land bought from the Government in the same year by John Cleves Synnnes 'File village, \villa. early in the following year. was laid out by Col. Israel Ludlow. was pedan tically called •Losantiville'—a hybrid word. sig nifying 'the city opposite the mouth of the Licking.' hi June, 1789, Fort \Vashington was built here, and in 1790 the little village was made the capital of the newly erected Ilamihou County, and was renamed 'Cincinnati' by Gen eral St. Clair, in honor of the Society of the Cin cinnati. For some years it was only a strag gling village, inhabited for the most part by typical frontiersmen, and in 1800 it had a popu lation of but 750. In 1802 it was incorporated as a town: and in 1819, with a population of about 7500. it became a city. The opening of steamboat navigation on the Ohio in 1810, the completion of the Miami Canal in 1830. and of the tirst section of the Little i‘liami Railroad in 1843, with the gradual establishment of manufac tures, collided with the advantageous situation for purposes of trade—all tended to make the growth of the city very rapid. Between 1845
and 1860 German immigrants came in consid erable numbers. Cincinnati's close commercial and social relations with the South led its citi zens for the most part to oppose all anti•slavery agitation, and the Philanthropist press, estab lished by -lames G. Birney, was destroyed by mobs in 1830, on the ground that the city's trade with the South could not be maintained if Abolitionist papers were tolerated. Cincinnati was, however, the rendezvous for fugitive slaves escaping to Canada. and during the Civil 'War its sympathies were predominantly with the North. In 1862, during the so-called 'siege of Cincinnati,' the city was threatened by a Con federate force under Cen. Kirby Smith, and for a time was put under martial law'. Cincinnati has suffered severely from floods. the most de struetive of which oecurred in 1832, when the lower part of the city was submerged; in 188:3, when more than 150 business houses were jinni dated; and in when much property was destroyed and ninny people rendered destitute. In 1884 (Alarch 28-31) occurred the famous 'Cincinnati flint.' A mob, infuriated by the lax administration of the law, broke into the jail and attempted to lynch some murderers who had received light sentences from the courts; but, being frustrated. they burned the court house and other buildings. The State militia was called out; but before order could be re stored, 45 persons had been killed and 148 wounded.
13InuounA1'tly. Clark, Prehistoric Remains of Cincinnati Cincinnati, 1870) ; :Mille•, Cincin nati's Beginnings (Cincinnati, 1880) : Ford, His to•y of Cincinnati (Cleveland, 1881) History of Cincinnati and Hamilton County (Cincinnati. 1894) : Emery, Thirtyli•c Years .1 mong the Poor and the Public Institutions of Cincinnati (Cin cinnati, 1887); \Vilby, ":\lunieipal Condition of Cincinnati," in Proweedings Record National Co)pferrnce for Hood City Go cern ni en t (Phila delphia. 15951 ; Trollope. Domestic Manners of I New York, 1901) : Woodward, "An Object Lesson of Inellivient Administration of Public Funds." in Pnblir Pollen (Philadelphia, 1901) "Cin einnati," in II itorie Towns of the Western Mates (New York, 1901).