CALDERWOOD, kaPder-wud, DAvID (1575 '650). A Scottish divine and ecclesiastical his torian. He was born in Dalkeith, of a good fam ily, and about 1604 was settled as Presbyterian minister of Craning, Roxburghshire, a few miles southeast of Edinburgh. Opposed to the de signs of James VI. for the establishment of Episcopacy in Scotland, on that monarch's visit to his native country in 1617, he and other min isters signed a protest against a bill, then before the Scottish Parliament, for granting the power of framing new laws for the Church toan ecclesias tical council appointed by the King, and in con sequence he was summoned before the high com mission of Saint Andrews. Refusing to submit, lie was committed to prison for contumacy, and then banished the kingdom. He retired to Hol land, 1619, and in 1621, in English, and in 1623, in Latin, published at Leyden, under the pseudo nym Edwardus Didoclavius. an anagram on his name, Latinized, his celebrated controversial work, entitled Attire Damaseenum, etc., in which he
rigorously examined the origin and authority of Episcopacy, and which has been a storehouse of information and argument in favor of Presby terianism. After King James's death, in 1625, he returned to Scotland, and for some years was engaged collecting all the memorials relating to the ecclesiastical affairs of Scotland, from the beginning of the Reformation there to the death of James VI. In 1640 he became minister of Pencaitland. near Edinburgh, and in 1643 was appointed one of the committee for drawing up the Directory for Public Worship in Scotland. He died at Jedburg. October 29, 1650. From the original MS. of his History of the Kirk of Scotland, preserved in the British Museum, an edition, with a life, by the Rev. Thomas Thom son, was printed for the Woodrow Society, in S vols. (Edinburgh, 1842-49).