CALYX (Lat., Gk. KrIXuE, kaly.r. cup of a flower, from KaX6TTELV, kalYPtein, to cover). In flowers, the miter and sometimes the only set of floral leaves. The individual parts are called 'sepals.' and when these are not present the flower is said to be 'naked.' The sepals are usu ally green and leaf-like, and serve to protect the more delicate inner parts of the bud, hut sometimes they are very' much modified. See FLOWER.
CAM (Belt., crooked), or GRANTA. A river which rises in Essex, England, and is known as the Granta until it joins with the Klee, 3 miles above Cambridge, to which city it gives its name. After a northeasterly course of about 40 miles through Cambridgeshire, it joins the Ouse, 31.., miles above Ely. It is a favorite boating river, famous in connection with the boat-races of the students of Cambridge University.
CAM (dialectic form of Engl. comb: cf. Ger. Kamm, comb, Kanimrad, eog-wheel). A revolv ing disk eccentrically mounted on a shaft and employed in mechanism to impart by its rota tion a reeiproeating motion to a rod or shaft. One of the common forms of eau is a heart shaped wheel mounted on a shaft as shown at .1. The operation of this form of eam may be indicated by the lever B, pivoted at the centre and carrying at one end a rod, ('. and at the other end a wheel, I). which has a rolling bearing against. the face or edge of the cam. As the rotates, the wheel, I), will be raised and low ered. and this movement will, through the medium of the lever. raise and lower the rod, SI) as, for example. to open and close a valve.
Cams are made in a great variety of shapes. By cutting teeth on the edge of the cam, .1, and also on the edge of the wheel, D, and arranging the two so that their teeth mesh, we have what is called a 'cam gearwheel' arrangement. A circular wheel, mounted concentrically on a shaft and having a lug or projection at intervals on its edge, is called a 'eam-wheel.' Cams and eam-wheels are extensively employed in mecha nisms for all sorts of purposes.
CAM, kiix, ArousTE NICOLAS (1S22—). A French sculptor, horn in Paris. lle was educated in the atelier of Rude, and until about 1865 con fined himself almost entirely to the representa tion of small animals. Afterwards, however, he departed from this genre and preferably rep resented combats between beasts of prey. His best-known works are "Linnets Defending Their Nest Against the Hat" (1846) "Frogs Demand a King" (1851) "Tiger in Conflict with a Crocodile" (1870) : "Rhinoceros Attacked by Tigers" (1884, Garden of the Tuileries) "Eagle and Vulture Wrangling Over the Carcass of a Bear" ( CAM, kiiN', n• CAO, konN, Moot). A Portu guese navigator of the Fifteenth Century, who continued the African discoveries inaugurated by Prince Henry. In a voyage made in 1484-85 he sailed along the west coast of Africa as far as the Congo. lie had sufficient influence with the King of Congo to induce that. monarch to permit the establishment of Christianity in hisdominion.