The body Brussels carpet is a mixture of linen and worsted; but, like the Turkey carpet, the worsted only is shown on the upper surface. The basis or cloth is a coarse linen fabric, and between the upper and under threads of the fill ing several worsted threads of different colors are firmly bound in. The pattern is produced by drawing to the surface, between the reticulations of the cloth basis, a portion of the worsted thread of the color required at that spot to pro duce the pattern. These updraw-ru portions are formed into loops, by being turned over wire, which are afterwards withdrawn, and the loops thus left standing above the basis form the figured surface of the carpet.
The Wilton carpet is made like the Brussels, but the wire has a groove in its upper surface. and instead of being drawn out, it is liberated by passing a sharp knife through the worsted loop into this groove, and thus making a velvet pile surface instead of the looped thread. The loops are made longer than in Brussels carpet ing, and it usually contains about 50 per cent. more wool. In the United States. the carpet called moquette is a machine-made imitation of a carpeting made by hand at Nimes, France. The machine moquette was first manufactured in 185G. on a loom invented by Halcyon Skinner. It is a Idle carpet, but the pile is not formed with wires, but by cutting of little pieces of woolen thread and fastening them in tufts to the warp thread.
Carpets known as tapestry Brussels and velvet are very extensively used as a cheap substitute for Brussels. and Wilton. which they are made to re semble very closely in the brilliancy and variety of pattern. The manufacture of this kind of carpet is curious and ingenious. Instead of sev eral colored yarns, only one of which is drawn to the surface at any one place, while the other, remain buried between the upper and under threads of the cloth basis, a single colored yarn is used, and the variety of color produced by dyeing it of various colors at intervals of it, length. The yarn is coiled upon a drum, and printed by means of rollers in such in manner that when the threads that encompass the roller are uncoiled and laid in line side by side, they present an elongated printing of the pattern: so that a rose, for example, the outline of which should be nearly will be an oval, with length equal to four times its breadth. When,
however, the thread is looped over the wire, four inches of yarn being used for an inch of the carpet pattern, the elongation is exactly com pensated, and the rose appears in its proper pro porti ,,,, s. The machinery required for this is.
of course, much simpler than that for the Brus sels. only one yarn having to be looped, and that always in the same manner. Velvet carpeting differs from tapestry Brussels in that the pile, which is made longer, is cut. forming a surface like that of the Wilton carpet.
A still cheaper process for manufacturing tapestry carpets was patented by James Dunlap, of Philadelphia, in 1891. The carpet is woven undyed. or of one uniform basic color, and the pattern is stamped by a color-printing machine similar to that used in calieo-printing. En graved pattern rollers, a separate one for each color, print, as they revolve, their design on the plane surface of the carpet, which is revolving in an opposite direction, but in contact with the pattern roller, on a dram.
The ingrain or Kidderminster carpet is n fab ric composed of two wells or plies of cloth of ditTerent colors, and has no pile. The carpet is usually reversible, the color which forms the pattern on one side forming the background on the other, and vice versa. This mixing of the two plies is called ingraining. and the more general and thorough the mixing of the colors of the design is, the more durable will be the fabric. In the plain ingrain only two colors are used, but in the 'shot-about' ply two or more shuttles of different colors are employed in each ply. The Venetian carpet. used chiefly for stairs and halls. is made of a worsted or cotton warp and jute filling. The pattern is all on the warp, which alone is visible, as it ineloses the weft between its upper and under surfaces. Consult The History and Manufacture of Floor-rorer lags (New York, 1899). See WEAVING.