CHLOPICKI, JOzEF (1771-1854). A Polish general and dictator of Poland during the Revolution of 15:30-31. lie was born in Galicia, entered the army in 1787, and fought gallantly in the war for independence under Kos ciuszko. After the surrender of Warsaw to the Russians. No 8, 1794. Chlopicki went to France, and joined the army of the Cisalpine Republic, under General Dombrowski. In 1806, when Dombrowski and Wybi•ki vaned the Poles to arms, under the protection of Napoleon, Chlo pieki returned to his country, and fought gal lantly at Eylau and Friedland (1807). From ISOS to ISIl he took part in the Spanish cam paign. In 1S12 he followed Napoleon to Rus sia. taking part in the bloody engagements at Smolensk and on the Moskva. After the remnants of the invading force had returned, Chlopicki left the Imperial service, on account of certain slights. After the taking of Paris by the Allies in 1814, Emperor Alexander made him a general of di vision in the new Polish Army, but he soon re signed. owing to the violent temper of the com
mander-in-chief. the Grand Duke Constantine. When the insurrection of the Poles broke out in 1830. Chlopieki, who foresaw the hopeless nature of the attempt, reluctantly obeyed the voice of the nation, which had conferred upon him the dignity of dictator (December 5). llis moderate views and hesitating policy involved him in disputes with the patriot party, and on January 23. 1831, he resigned his office; but to prove his sincerity, he entered the Polish Army as a private soldier, and took part as such in the battles of Waver and Groehow. After the suppression of the insur rection, Chlopieki went to Craeow, and withdrew altogether from public life.