CHRISTIANIA, krt-ste-ii'n6-\, or KRISTI ANIA. The capital of Norway, situated at the northern end of Christiania Fiord, in latitude 59° 55' N. and longitude 10° 43' E. (Map: Norway, D 7). It occupies about seven square miles. Chris tiania is composed of the old, well-built city proper, and of a number of rather uninviting sub nrhs where the mmorer classes live. There are broad streets, and fine, large squares adorned with 11101111 ments. The promenade of Saint John's Hill is one of the city's attractive features. The historic cita del of Akershus now serves as an arsenal and prison. The most noteworthy churches are the Ginnie Akers Kirke, mentioned before 1150; the Trinity Church.erected in the Gothic style in 1853 58: the Church of Our Saviour,consecrated in 1697 and recently restored; and the Johannes Kirke, completed in 1878. The more prominent secular buildings are the Parliament Rouse. the Museum of Art • the exehange, the royal palace, constructed in 1825-48. the episcopal residence, and the Uni versity. (See CliaisnAxhi, UNIVERSITY OF.) The botanical garden and astronomical observatory are worthy of mention.
Christiania forms a separate otlieial district, and is administered by a magistracy composed of the lnirgomaster and two councilmen. It has good water-works and several electric car lines. The educational institutions comprise, besides the university, two higher military schools, a gynninsimn, a technical sehool, and a number of Latin and 'real' schools. The Museum of Art.
contains many meritorious paintings by Scandi navian and foreign artists, but no great master pieces. The Industrial Art 3luseum has fine ancient and modern specimens of Norwegian handicraft. There are three theatres, and a nm nicipal library of about 50,000 volumes.
Industrially Christiania is quite important. Among its leading manufactured produets tire paper, oil, cotton yarn, tobacco, furniture, iron ware. and liquors. It is the principal seaport of Norway, handling about half of the imports, and nearly ono-lifth of the exports. The harbor is very spacious, and is kept open in winter by means of ice-breakers. There is regular steam: ship communication with limit Britain. Ger many, the Netherlands, and France, as well as with Denmark and Sweden. The capital is the seat of a number of consular representatives, in cluding one from the United States. The popu lation, almost wholly Protestant. was 131,239 in 1S9 1 and 227,026 in 1900. The environs are very attractive. offering magnificent views. The aver age annual temperature of 'Itristiania is 42' F. The city was founded in 11;24 by Christian 1V.. on the site of the town of Oslo, which dated from 1050, and was burned in 1624. Cemsult Ainnims, Let rine de Kristianiu, son commerce, set no tie,' et son imlustric—hYsume' histurique (Chris tiania, 19(10).