CAT'TI, or CHATTI, kiit'tt (Lat., from Celtic, connected, probably as an original totem name, with O. Ir. cat, Welsh eath, Corn. cash, cat). A German people, included by Cesar un der the name Suevi (q.v.), who inhabited a coun try included in the present ilesse and the Prus sian Province of Hesse -Nassau. The southwest ern part of their territory, around Mattiacum, was conquered by the Romans under Drusus. The Catti took part in the general rising of the Germans under Arminius (Hermann). Tacitus praises them as excellent foot-soldiers. During the reign of :Marcus Aurelius, in the end of the Second Century, they made incursions into Ro man Germany and ltlnetia. Caracalla failed in an expedition against them and the Alemanni in the Third Century. About the middle of that century their name began to give place to that of the Franks (q.v.), and is last mentioned by Claudian in the latter part of the Fourth Cen tury.
CAri'LE (OF. cater, from Med. Lat. capture, capitate, goods, property, front Lat. eapitalis, important, relating to the head, from caput, head). The term cattle in its broadest signifi cance includes not only horned animals, but horses. sheep, and nearly all kinds of domestic animals. In a more restricted and commonly accepted sense it is applied to the various breeds of meat or bovine animals belonging to the species Hos taunts. inelthling, the ox, steer, and CM Cattle seem to have been almost the first animals domesticated by man in the early period of the world's history, and also the most valuable and necessary to his highest welfare in all ages and stages of civilization since that time. The original wild type from which the various breeds of domestic cattle are dcseended is not well known. Through ancient sculptures and other records cattle can be traced back at least 4000 years, and the earliest evi dences indicate that allinials of different types were then known. ( See Bunr.ti.o.) Variations
evidently began at an early period, although no very high degree of development was effected by the ancients. Within the last two centuries espe (aily, much attention has been paid to selecting and breeding cattle adapted to special conditions and purposes, and to developing the beef and milk producing qualities. It is stated that-there are now in various parts of the world over one hundred distinct breeds of cattle. The prin cipal and most valuable breeds of America have been derived from Great Britain and other por tions of northwestern Europe. They are thought to have had a common origin in the wild cattle which existed in the ancient forests of Europe, of which Julius Cesar, Pliny. and others wrote nearly two thousand years ago. The wild ox, whatever its origin, seems to have been formerly an inhabitant of many forest districts of Great Britain. The wild Chillingham cattle, which have been preserved for many generations iu Chilling:ham Park, are the nearest representa tives of these cattle extant. The most important results of man's agency in improving cattle by breeding, care, and management have been a tendency of the animals to mature at an earlier age. and readily to lay on flesh and fat, and an increase of the milk-production far beyond the needs of the calf, and prolongation of the natural period of milk-Ilow. At the present time the various recognized breeds of domestic cattle may be classified in a general way as beef cattle and dairy cattle.