CLAUSEL, BERTRAND ( 1772-1842).
A French marshal, born at Mirepoix, in the De partment of Ariege. December 12. 1772. He en tered the army at an early age, and commanded a brigade in the Italian campaign of 1799. He •fig made a general of division of the Army of the North, in 1804; distinguished himself in the campaign of 1S09 against Austria and subse quently in the war in Spain. where, after the battle of Salamanca. July 22. 1812, he succeeded .1darmont in the chief command. He conducted the very difficult retreat from Portugal. with the greatest circumspection, fighting a succes sion of battles. Although lie stood by Napoleon to the last, Louis XVIII., in 1814, named him inspector-general of infantry. When Napoleon returned to France in 1815, Clause] imme diately declared for him. was made a peer. and received the command of the Army of the Pyre nees. On the return of the Bourbons he was
declared a traitor. He escaped to the United States, and lived several years at Mobile, where lie wrote his Exposé justificatif. During his ab sence lie was condemned to death. but was sub sequently permitted to return to France. was elected Deputy in 1827 and 1830. and after the July .Revolution was put in command of the troops in Algeria. For his services in that ca pacity be was made marshal of France in 1831, but was soon afterwards recalled. Ile was appointed Governor-General of Algeria in 1835, and once more recalled in 1837. He re turned to France and defended himself. though not quite successfully. both through the press and from the tribune, against the attacks made upon him. He died near Toulouse, April 21, 1842. See ALGERIA.