The upland cotton of the United States is mostly derived from 4)lossypitini herbaceum. In this country the varieties of this species have white flowers, which turn red the second day after opening. The fibre of this series is shorter, but the plant can be cultivated over a greater extent of territory than the others. The seed of the upland varieties is usually of a greenish color and has a closely adherent gray fuzz in ad dition to the longer lint, making the process of ginning more difficult. There are doubtless many hybrids between these series, as may be seen in the character some upland cottons. In 1596 descriptions were published in the United States Department of Agriculture, Office of Experiment Stations, Bulletin 3.3, of more than 130 varieties of cotton in cultivation in the United States at that time. together with about an equal number of so-called varieties which were only old ones renamed. Most of these varieties were upland cottons, and they varied widely in their produc tion and character of lint. Gossypium arboremn is a small tree rather ()minium about the temples of India and China, but it is said /fever to be cultivated as a regular crop. The trees are rather short-lived, and they yield a fine, silky fibre an inch or more in length. This is called Nurma or Deo cotton and is little used except by the priestly class. It is probable that its value has been overrated. It will not mature in the United States. The origin of the cottons supposed to be derived from Gossypium Peru vian= is somewhat in doubt. They are South American, as their name would indicate, and their smooth black seeds adhere in a reniform mass, hence the name 'kidney cotton,' which is usually applied to them. Their fibre is strong,
rather coarse and woolly, crie and one-half inches or less in length, and from its great resemblance to wool is frequently used in combination with that staple. About 15,000 bales are annually imported into the United States, and it is claimed that most of it is used by woolen manufacturers to mix in making underwear, hosiery, etc., much of the material being sold as all-woolen goods.
In commercial usage, to fibres under 0.98 inch or 25 millimeters in length there has been given the name `).hart staple': 'medium' means from 0.98 to 1.17 inches (25 to 30 millimeters), and 'long 1.1S to 1.57 inches (30 to 40 millimeters) : 'extra.' including those which are 1.55 inches (40 millimeters) or more. The extra and the long in the United States seem to come from Sea cotton or some of its hybrids; the short and medium from Gossypium hirsutum or Gos sypium herbaceum.
The commercial classification of cotton in New York is as follows: The 'full grades' are fair, middling fair, good middling, middling, low middling,, good ordinary, and ordinary. Half grades are designated by the prefix 'strict,' quar ter goods by prefixes `barely,' meaning the point above half grade and the next full grade above, and 'fully,' meaning the mean point between the half grade and the next full grade below. Liverpool high grades are lower, and low grades higher than New York.