Dr. Frederick A. P. Barnard succeeded Presi dent King in 1864 and a new era of progress be gan. Dr. Barnard was a friend of classical learn ing, but he held that a system of education not supported by popular sanction can never be made an efficient instrument of culture; and when the attendance at the college fell to 116 in 1872. the fact was attributed by bim to the rigidity of the college curriculum. In 1880 the School of Po litical Science was established, and in 1881 a department of architecture was instituted in the School of Mines. In 1883 a eourse of study under the general supervision of the college fac ulty was designed for women, and in 1887 women were authorized to receive the degree of but this practice was discontinued on the establish ment of Barnard College (q.v.) for women in 1889. When President, Barnard entered upon his duties as president, Columbia College consisted of the college, an inchoate School of Mines. the Law School, and a nominally associated Medical School. Twenty-five years later, at the close of President Barnard's administration, Columbia College comprised the college, the School of Law, the School of Political Science. and the School of Mines and Metallurgy. including the Schools of Civil and Sanitary Engineering. Applied Chem istry, and Architecture. The university had in creased greatly in size, and the elective system had been largely introduced.
Upon President Barnard's death, in 1889, the Hon. Seth Low was elected as his successor. He found several flourishing but loosely connected schools, whose work he correlated, reorganized, and consolidated. in 1891 the College of Physi cians ;ind Surgeons surrendered its charter aml became an integral part of Columbia College. In 1890 the School of Philosophy was estab lished, taking charge of the advanced work in philosophy, psychology, education, ancient and modern languages and literature. In 1892 de partments of mathematics, mechanics, physics, mineralogy, chemistry, etc., combined to form the School of Pure Science. The several schools of engineering were in 1896 organized into the School of Applied Sciences. In the same year the name 'Columbia University' was adopted to designate the institution as a whole, and the name 'Columbia College' was restricted to the undergraduate department. In 1898 Teachers College (q.v.) became affiliated with Columbia, and in 1900 Barnard College became a part of the university. On President Low's resigna tion in 1901, Professor Nicholas Murray Butler was elected to succeed him.
Columbia University at present comprises the following schools and colleges: (1) Columbia College. The college confers the degree of B.A. offer and offs a wide range of subjects, mostly elective. Its students register under any of the university faculties in their fourth year, thus practically shortening the college course, in the ease of students who take up professional courses, to three years. In 1902, the date for all the
statistics of attendance quoted, the number of students in the college was 492. The col lege offers 72 scholarships of the value of $150, and a number of prizes. (2) Barnard College. This is an undergraduate school for women, and its management is vested in a separate board of trustees. It offers courses leading to the B.A. degree. Graduates of Barnard College are admitted to the university as candidates for the M.A. and l'11.D. degrees; but the profes sional schools of Columbia University, except Teachers College, are as yet not open to women. Barnard College has an attendance of 339. (3) The School of Law, which offers courses covering a period of three years and leading to the degree of LL.B. On certain specified conditions its stn dents may also earn the LL.M. and A.M. degrees. Twenty scholarships are available for students; its attendance is 400. (4) The College of Phy sicians and Surgeons. With this are connected Vanderbilt Clinic, one of the finest hospitals in the world, and the Sloane Maternity Hospital. It confers the M.D. degree, and under special con ditions its students also may earn the M.A. de gree. It has an attendance of S09 students. (5) The Schools of Political Science, Philosophy, and Pure Science. These have charge of the graduate courses in the departments of mathematics, natu ral sciences, public law, history, literature, phil ology, philosophy, psychology, anthropology, and education. Their courses lead to the A.M. and Ph.D. degrees. The student registration is 508. (0) The School of Applied Science, which is composed of the schools of Chemistry, ?dines and Engineering, and offers courses covering periods of four years, leading to the degrees of E.M., Met.E., B.S., C.E., &E., and I\ iech.E., also graduate courses leading to the A.M. and Ph.D. The total attendance is 1120. (7) The courses in fine arts, comprising the course in architecture, leading to the degree of B.S., and the courses in music, were placcil in 1902 under the administra tive control of the president of the university. (8) Teachers College, one of the leading schools for the training of teachers in the world, otters courses lending to the B.S. degree and to the several Teachers College diplomas. It is open to men and women on equal terms. it constitutes a separate corporation, It has an attendance of 634 students. (9) The Summer School of the university, designed especially for teachers, was organized in 1900 end has become a permanent feature. The attendance in 1902 was 643.