CZUCZOR, Isoo'ISCO", GERGELY ( 1800-66) . An Hungarian poet and linguist. He was horn at Anddd (comitat of Neutra ) became a member of the Benedictine Order, and from 1825 to 1835 was a professor successively in the gymnasia at Raab and Komorn. In 1S35 he was appointed second sec retary and archivist of the Hungarian Academy, by which lie was commissioned in 1844 to pre pare the great lexicon of the Hungarian lan guage (6 vols., 1861-74). Four volumes were edited by him, the remaining two by ,Rinos Fo garassy (q.v.). His disregard of the historical and comparative method in often im paired the scientific value of his work as a lexi cographer, particularly in connection with ety mologies. He was imprisoned in 1849 for the publication of his Riad°, a poem calling Hunga rians to action on behalf of their liberties, but obtained his release under the amnesty of 1850. His poems appeared collected in 3 vols. at Pest in 1850.
The fourth letter and third conso nant in the Grfeco-Roman alpha bets. Its form is derived by a rounding of the sign A found in the West Greek inscriptions rather than from the familiar form of delta (A) seen in most Greek scripts. (See ALPHABET; LETTERS.) The Greek name of the letter, delta, is a modifieation of the Semitic word &deb (originally daft), which means a door. The Greek capital, A, still retains the shape of the opening of a tent, the kind of door most familiar to a nomadic people.
Mound.—ln sound the English d is a dental or rather alveolar (lingual) voiced explosive, made by a contact of the tip of the tongue and the roof of the mouth near the upper front teeth. in French the contact is rather dental than alve olar. The North German d is between the Eng lish and the French. There is also in English a slightly more cerebral d as in drown, made by bending up the tip of the tongue and touching the roof of the month farther back than in the so-called dental sound. This is due to its posi tion before the lingual r.
Source.—English d comes: (I) from Indo Ger. dh (Gk., Lat. f, d (with r), b) : as deer, Gk. Oily, Lat. fera: adder, Skt. ndhar, Lat. aber; (2) from Indo-Ger. t when not immedi ately preeeded by the accent; build-red. Skt.
rohini, Gk. iKar6V, Lat. centuni ; (3) from Ger manic p, with l; gold, Goth. yelp; (4) d arises as a special development from the affinity of a for d (as a transfer-sound), in such words as Eng. gender. Lat nou-, Eng. thunder (OE. Annum), riband (ME. riban). The d sometimes disappears as in cruel (Lat. crudelis). The let ter d is often assimilated as affirm, accept, gos sip (OE. godsibb) : and in certain linguistic developments it interchanges phonetically with I, for example, 1, Lat. Ulysses, from Gk. or with r in Lat. arbiter from ad betere. and b, bellam from duellum. According to Grimm's Law. original d becomes t in English. .-: in German. Thus ludo-Gcr. Velcm, Eng. ten, Ger. zehn. Di followed by a vowel becomes j, as in journal from diurnal.
As R um bol .— (11 As a numeral. D= 500: P = 5000. This use of D to denote 50n arose from a confusion with (7), the original symbol for that number. (2) In Roman names. D = Deei inns. Divas. Dominus. and Deus. (3) In aca demie degrees, stands for Doctor. (4) In music. 1) is the second note of the natural scale, and is a whole tone above C. It is written in the first added space below the treble clef or on the fourth line; in the bass clef it is on the third line or in the second added space above.
(See AII:SICAL NOTATION.) (5) In chemistry D = didymium. (6) In reckoning English money (£ s. d.), tl = pence. penny (Lat. dean rins). (7) In mathematics D = derivation. d = differentiation, A = differeneing, and 8 = varia tion.
DAB (probably from dab, gentle blow). A fish (Liinanda limanda) closely related to the plaice and flounder (qq.v.) and sometimes in cluded with them in the same genus. It is com mon on the sandy shores of northern Europe. It can easily be distinguished from the common flounder by the distinct arch in the lateral line at the anterior end. It attains a length of 12 inches and is much esteemed as food. A nearly related species, the rusty dab (Limand« fer ruginea), possessing smaller scales, is rather abundant on the eastern coast of North America. There are other less common species of dab.