DOCTORS OF THE CHURCH. A title long eurrent for the most emillent of the early Christian teachers, and applied especially to the four Greek fathers—Athanasius, Basil, Gregory Nnzianzen, and Chrysostom—and the four Latin fathers—,lerome, Augustine. .Ambrose, and Greg ory the Great. In more recent t hues the title has been formally conferred by the Pope on saints eminent for theological learning, some as modern as Saint Alphonsus Liguori (died 1757). in the _Middle Ages the name of doctor was freely ap plied to the leading theologians, with some ad ditional expression characterizing the peculiar gift of the writer designated.
The following alphabetical list of such affixes is taken from Wetzer and Welte. K irehenlexikon, 2d ed. by Naulen 1882-1900 ) . The date is that of death, and the contractions are as follows: O.Carrn. = cartnente. 0.Przern,= Pra-nionstra O.Carth.= tensian.
O.Cist. = Cistercian. O.S.A. = Ainzustinian.
inorite or 0.S.1t. = 11..itedietine.
Franciscan. 0.Trin. = Trinitarian.
U.P. = Dominican. Jesuit.
Doctor abstractionum, aeutus et illurninatissi mus—Francis of Mayroni. 1:325.
—aentissinms—Francis della Ilovere (Pope Six tus 1V.). 1454.
—aeutus—Gahriel Vasquez, S..1., 1604.
—ad in irabilis I mirabilis)—Roger Bacon. 0.1\1., 1291.
—anuenus—Robert of C'ownton, about 1340.
eommun is, or chernbiens—Sa int Thomas Aquinas, 0.P.. 1274.
—authenticus—(:regory of Rimini, ().S.Atig., 1358.
— rnpliSaS. et solidus —Richard of Sliddlet(m.O.M..ab.mt 1300.
— tus fundat issimus—t 3 iles Colonna. 0.S.A., 1316.
101.. 1310.
Charlier of Gerson, - 1429.
— of rti-a, 1464. de Alontesinos. 1021.
—clams et stffitilis-1)ionysius junior. 0.Cist., fourteenth century.
--eolleetivus—Landolfo Caracciolo, 1351. —coltinma of ('hampeaux, ().S.13.. 1121.
—contradictionum—.1ohn \Vessel, 14S9. ronspienus et planns—Waher Burley, after 1337.
ecstati•us—John of Ritysbroeek. 1351.
— of La on, 1117. —duleiflutts—.1ntony Andrea, 0.:\1.. about 1320. —re.tatiens—Dionysins of Rickel, 0.Carth., 1171.
--elt•gans it factonhis-Peter Aureoli. RAI., 1322. dolin of Madill. 0.Trin.. 1213. --eNangclicus John \\ yelif.
-t. cellent issimus-A loony C'orsett i. 1503. -eximius Tisserius, about 15114, and Francis `stiarez. 1107.
-famosissionts-Peter Alberti, 0.5.11., about 1426.
• fainostis-Bertrand de In Tour, OM., 1334.
fundamentalis. sold perspieacissimus John raber Itorde•auN, about 1330.
--fundatus-William (do Wariaf, about 1270.
-illil•atus-Alexander .Alainannicus, 0..A1., fif teenth century.
-illuminatus-Raymund Loin. COL. 1315.
-illuminatos et sublimig-aohn Tattler. 0.1'., 131;1.
-illustratus-Francis Picenus. 0.:\1.. fourteenth century.
-illustris or illu:trat us-Adam of Mariseo, about 1380.
\ Maekellield, 0.P., about -ingeniossimus-.\ndrew of Neufeltateau. (01., about 1300.
-invincibilis-Peter Thomas. 0.A1.. fourteenth century( Y1.
-invineibilis it singularis-William of Ocean], 0.\l., 1349.
-irrefragabilis, foes vino. monarchy theologorion -_\leNander of Hales. o.M., 1243.
-magmas. universalis-Alan of llyssel.
1202.
-mariantis-Saint .1.11selni of Canterbury, 1109, and John Duns Scotus, 1308. -mellilluus-Saint Bernard, 0.Cist.. 1153.
alter-.Elred, 11116.
1'C1'07.. 16-19.
-- moralis-Oerhani Endo. O. \I., 1349.
-notabilis-Peter of Rysse1. (3.M.
-ordinatissimus or ornatissimus-John of Bas soli, 0.M., about 1347.
-ornatissimus et stillieicns• Peter of Aquila. I LW, about 1314 -pacificus et proficuus (prolitabilis)-Nicholas Bonet. 0.\1... 13110.
-pianos et utilis-Nicholas of Lyra, 0.M., 1311 of Kaiserslautern, 0.Prz•ni., about 1330.
-prest anti-hulls-Thomas Netter of 'Walden. 0.Carni.. 1131.
-proltindos-Thomas of Bradwardine. 1310.
-profundissimus-Patil of Venice. 1428: Biel. 1193: John Alphonsus Curie(, 0.S.11.. 1000.
-refulgidus-Peter Philargi (Pope Alexander V.1, 1110.
-resolutissimus- \\*Minot Durand of Saint Pourt,ain. 1332.
-re:olotos. prinwps Averroistarunt-Jobn Ba con. 0.Carto.. 1 :1411.
halq Peter 1142: Gilbert do - In P, tone. 1134: Peter Lombard. 11114: Peter of Poitiers. 1203: and Hugh of Castro Novo, ti.N1. after 1322.
-scrapllicu.-Saint llona vent lira. ( 1274 sometimes also Francis of Assisi. 0.M,. 1••Ii.
0octlials of (:heat. 1293.
-- speetilativils-James of Viterbo. 130A.
-stiblimis-Franeis of It:whoop. o.Cariti., 1372. and .Toho 'ourtecnisse. about 1423.
-John Duns Scotus, (01., 13115, - ibtilissimus-Peter of Al•ntua, fourteenth century( •)• -succinctus-Franeis of Ascoli, about 1310.
-summits doctortim-Petei• of Bello-Perche. 1304.
_universalis-Albert the 1:rt•at. ft.:\ I., 1280.
-venerandus-\\ alfried Fontibus, O. after 1240.