DOLLINGER, delling-i-r, JOHANN JOSEPH IG NAZ VON (1799-18,90). A distinguished German Roman Catholic theologian and historian. Ile was born at Bamberg, Bavaria, February 28, 1799. Ile was educated there and at the Uni versity of Wiirzburg, where his father was pro fessor of anatomy and physiology. Ile was ordained a priest in 1822. In I$23 he became a teacher at Aschaffenburg; in 1826. professor of Church history and ecclesiastical jurisprudenee in the newly established University of :Munich, and began an extraordinary career as historian, politician, publieist, disputant, and councilor. IIis first hook. Die [Aire roe der Euellarestir in den (Frei Jah•bunderien (1826), was writ ten at AselmITenlmr7. In 1828 he published a history of the Reformation as the continuation of Ifortig's Ilandburb der Kirehengesrherhle. In 1832 he was a ppoint-d defensor mat rimon ie. (See DEFENDER OF THE M.‘tuttm:r: TIE.) In 1833 3:i he published a Geschichle der ehristlichen it wetly, and in 1836-38 the Lehrbach der ptschicht,. Neither of these works will, carried «illipkt 1011 thee are combined in the Eng lish translation, .1 History of the Church IS40 421. In his next work, Die Reformation, dire suture I:nitric/clung and ih•e Wirkungen im Um •1,s: Ina( rise/re, lIckenntnisses ( 846•4S , he everything he could find unfavorable to the reforincrs and their work. Luther, t1S51 I, also belongs to this period. For a time he undertook the duties of the chair of do:.' at it and lectured on Phi losophy of Religion," on "Symbolism," and on "Patristic Literature.• Ile was a frequent con tributor to the Historiseh-politisehe Walter, and published several pamphlet, on subjects of oc casional interest. Ile was one of the chief con tributors to the first edition of \Vetzer and Welte's it-Lexicon, in which his articles on Luther. on 13ossuct, and on Duns Scotus at tracted much attention. In 1845 he was chosen to represent the University of :Munich in the Bavarian Chamber, but, being deprived if his pro fessorship in 1847. he lost his seat. In the Par liament of Frankfort in 1848-49 he was rceog nized as the leader of the Roman Catholic party. and fought for the unconditional free dom and independence of the Church. In 1849 he was restored to his professorship and also to his place in the Bavarian Chamber, which he held till 1852. Up to this time Dr. Thillinger hail been an ardent defender of Catholicity, and a bitter opponent of Protestantism. From now on. however. influenced by his historical stud ies. his attitude began to change. and tended more to liberalism. This change dates particu larly from a visit to Rome in 1852. Works in which it is evident air: Hippolytus und t us. oder ronlische ki•elte in der ersten Hallte des drittru .lahrh ( IS53) ; Heid.inthum und Judeathuni, I urhrrilr zur aeschiehle des Christcothurns (IS57: English translation, 7'he (;snide and the dew in the Courts of the 7'emple of 11'0;2). a masterly survey of the con dition of the world at the birth of Jesus; chris t•nthum nod Kirehe in der Zeit der Grundlegung I ISO)). In Islil Didlinger delivered two ad dresses at which were represented as hostile to the temporal sovereignty of the Pope, and brought upon him much criticism. To ex plain and justify his position he published kirrhe and i rch en Pap.siiMHo arid irehenstaat (150;1). a comparative survey of the condition if the non Catholic communions and of the chord'. and a•o r.".suna". of the history and
eoinlit ion of the Papal States. holding that while the temporal sovereignty was the 1/1V:111,3 provi dentially established for maintaining the spir itual independence of the Papacy, yet it was by no means essential. that the Papoey long existed without it. and that, even if it were overthrown, Providence would devise other means if attain ing the same Nil'. The second part was a •riti cism of the administration of the Papal States, which gaNe dissatisfaction to the authorities, as being. though well meant, inopportune. and th•re fore unfriendly. Hir Papst label,: des Mille/ nthr•s sitand an address delivered at Nunieh the same year, •ernai,qenh(-it und r ka holisi n Tlooloyie, were no more acceptable. were aroused by the part taken by Dr. D Duna r in reference to the 'Catholic l'nion.' lint his ability and learning were unquestioned, and his influence, especially at home, %Nits very great until the ap proach of the time for opening the Vatican Council. It was understood that the doctrine of the infallibility of the Pope %you I d be a subject of di-cu-sion and I)r. Didlinger was active in organizing opposition. Assisted by Iiis collcagut., Friedrich, and others, be wrote articles and let ters on the subject for the Augsburg Angela, tile X.( It il/ly, Wil it'll were afterwards COI Jetted in 101111: th /• l'apst and das Renzi! ( lSO. under the pseudonym ,Jana.), and Brich rout t 1870, under the nano ten the pub lication of tbe beret' of the council defining the infallibility of the Pope in all doctrinal teach ings on faith and addressed ex cathedra to the universal Church. I)r. IMIlinger refused to accept the (lout rine. Lr August, 1870. he presided over a gathering of theologians at Yuremberg which publicly repudiated the doctrine and Corned the germ of the Old Catholic movement. In the organization of the I11d Catholit. Church, however, he took no active part. Ile was ex by the Archbishop of Alunich in 1ST1. While the sentence was pending, he was elected rector of the university of Munieli by a large majority of votes. and after it was pro nounced he received honorary degrees by the universities of Oxford and Edinburgh, and was decorated by the 1:ing of Bavaria and the Em peror of Although he ceased to teach theology. he continued to lecture ou ecclesiastical history and related subjects. Ills literary ac tivity was little diminished during this stormy period of his life. Among. his later works may be mentioned: Sainnilung ron Urkunden zu• Gesehiehte des lconzils run 7'rient (1870 : _Aka demis•he Vort rage (1tiS3-91): 11, • i t rage Sektengcsehiehte des .11ittelalters (1890i ; Bricfc and Erkliirungen fiber (lie ratikanischen Dek•, le (ISI10): kleinere •ehriften (I5901. \\*WI Pro. fessor 11euseli he reprinted the autobiography of Bellannine t 18871. and prepared a history of recent Roman Catholic• ethieal discussion as a thrust at the Jesuits, Grseltichte der iloral streitiyke Hen in der riiinisrli-katholisehen Kirche snit dein .1I I. dahrhunde•t (18901. lle died at :Nliinich. January lo, 1890. Consult : Kobel!, Iquuz ron Ihiliinqrr, Erinnerunyv n 1S91): iganz con /)i://itia,r. a inn rha raktr•istik (Innsbruck. 189:0 : and particularly the life by Friedrich 1.:\lunich. 1599-1901). Sre Oro C'A•ritoi.l•s.