In all the countries anciently inhabited by Celts. there are found rude structures of stone. one of the most common forms of which is the so-called dolmen (q.v.). The older archa'ologists assumed that these were druidical altars: but there is no proof that such was their purpose or origin. Similar structures are found in Scandi navia and many parts of Germany, and to assume in all these countries the presence of Celts seems too hazardous. The same doubt s prevail as to the larger monuments of this kind—the supposed druidical of Avehury, of Carnac in Brittanv. and of Stonehenge (q.v.). Consult : Cesar. 0, B(//0 Ganiro, vi. 1:3. 14: 'Ramsay, roundations of rnoland, vol. i. (London. 159 : d'Arbois Juhainville. n rr,I net ion PO lub de ie yrat relt 1,ptc ( Paris, 1.O53 : Bonwi•k, Irish Druids and Ohl Irish 1`.19-11 ; Rhys, Loqures on Ili, Origin and Grot of 1,', ligion us hUnNtrated by Pettit' London. 1SSS I . See (_ELT I(' PEOPLES.
DRUIDS, I or. A secret organization for purpose, of mutual aid and protection, estab lished in London ill 17s1. introduced in the city of NOW York in Is:3:1, and in Germany in 1S72. In England a !mintier of independent lodges from the parent organization: in the United States the urder assumed a more na tional character. the first grand grove the name lodge was discontinued) having been (.stablished in H49. The society included, in 1902, 16 grand groves and -10(3 sub-groves, with a total member ship of in the same year it had paid out in some :"5,000,000. :Many of the mem
bers of the organization are German or of Ger man descent.
DRUM (Dutch prom, Gem-. TrO/ilnif 1, dronirn. from I )l IG. Onntba, trump'. trumpet. It. tromba, Fr. trompr, Eng. trump; corm••tell ulti nmtely with Lat. Iriionplcus, triumph, (",k. OplaA f3os, Ihrin In hos, Pmeehie procession). A musical instrument of permission. consisting of a cylinder of wood or brass over one or both ends of which a membrane is stretched tiyhtiv by means of wooden hoops. There are four kinds of drums—the side drum, only differing from the snare-drum (q.v.) in the absence of gut strings across its under side: the bass-drum (q.v.), and the kettle-drinn (q.v.). With the exception of the last. drums cannot be perfectly tuned, and hence are of use only to mark or vary the rhythm. Drums of vari ous forms were early used in Egypt and India. An Egyptian instrument corresponding to the modern African tom-tom can he traced hack to about B.C. DM. The tyrnimounl of the Greeks and Romans resembled a small modern kettle drum, though it could not he tuned to any exact pitch. From India the use of drums spread west ward. being introduced into Europe either by the -floors or through the Crusades. See IxsTnumENrs.