DULSE (Gael. duileasg, dulse, from duille, leaf uisge, water ), Rhodymenia ',Omuta. An edible seaweed, one of the Ceramiace:e, which grows on rocky marine coasts. it is used as an article of food by poor people on the coasts of the British Isles, and other northern countries, and occasionally also as a luxury by some of the wealthier classes who have acquired a taste for it. It has a purple, leathery or somewhat membranous. veinless, sessile leaf. irregularly cut, with repeatedly forked segments, which are either entire at the edges, or furnished with lateral leaflets. The spores are distributed in cloud-like spots over the whole leaf. The name dulse is also given in the southwest of England to another seaweed, Irid:ra edulis, also one of the Ceramiacex, which has an undivided, obo rate or wedge-shaped, expanded, very succulent leaf, of a dull purple color. It is occasionally employed as food both in the southwest of Eng land and in Scotland. Laurentia pinnatifida. another of the Ceramiacem, has a compressed cartilaginous twice or thrice pinnatilid leaf. It has a pungent taste, and is used as a condiment when other sea weeds are eaten. In Alaska the name dulse is given to the seaweed Porphyra laeiniata. It is gathered, pressed into eakes, and dried. When desired for use it is broken or shaved into hot water and cooked for half an hour, when a nourishing porridge is obtained. Similar uses of this and related plants are re ported from Japan, China, and elsewhere along the Pacifie coasts.
DULUTH, 11A-lioth'. .1 city and lake port, the eounty-scat of Saint Louis County, Minn., at the western end of Lake Superior, 158 mites n. rtheast of Saint Paul and Minneapolis and adjacent to the city of Superior, Wis. (Map: Minnesota, F 4). The city is especially fa vored with facilities for transportation by rail and water. It is the terminus of the Chicago and Northwestern, the Great Northern, the Northern Pacific, and of six other railroads, and of thirteen steamship lines. Duluth has a natural harbor, nine miles long and two miles wide, entrance to which is made by two canals, the principal one being at Duluth, the other seven miles south. hoth piercing the 11;111'0W strip of land called 'Alinnesota Point, which separates the lake from the harbor. The city's trade by water is greatly facilitated by the Sault Sainte :Marie Canal (the traffic of which greatly ex ceeds that of the Suez Canal), and is considerably increased by the fact that this is the nearest shipping town on the lakes for the Northwest. Duluth now ranks among the leading shipping points in the United States. Of its exports, luny
her, tlour, iron ore, coal, and grain are the most important. it has a large blast-furnace, iron works, machine-shops, mat•h-faetories, 1Iour-nulls, and other industrial works. The Highland Canal and Power System under con struction is designed to promote industrial and commercial by supplying cheap and abundant water-power. The water is to be eon 1. eyed through iron piping from reservoirs on the hill above the city to the level of the lake, a fall of about 760 feet, rendering available power estimated at 00,000 horse-power. Duluth is the seat of a Protestant Episcopal and a Ro man Catholic bishop. It has a public library. a Carnegie library, State Normal School, United States Fisheries building, United States custom house. board of trade, and a hydrographic office. There are 400 acres of parks and 20 miles of boulevards. Lester. Lincoln, and Chester parks, and Lakeview Terrace, a drive 500 feet above the hike, command grand views. Fond Du Lac, a suburb, was the site of the Astor trading post in 1752.
The government is administered under the ellarter of 1900 liv a mayor, elected biennially, and a unicanieral council. The executive ap points the board of public works. light, and tire commissioners, civil service commission. city assessor, and the chief and all members of the police department, and (with the consent of the council) the attorney, health commissioner, and hoard of health. municipal labor bureau commissioners, city engineer, building inspector. and library and park boards. All other munici pal officers, excepting the city clerk, who is chosen by the council, are elected liv the people. The city owns and operates its water-works and gas plant. The annual income is about $1.700. oon: annual expenditure (including a mounts for schools which are separately administered through a school district independent of the municipality), $1,050.000 — $1,000,00(1 being spent for maintenance and operation. The prin cipal items of expense are: schools, $:357,000: fire department, $87,000: water-works. $G5.000: police department. $41.000: and gas-works, :T322. 000. Duluth was first permanently settled in 185:3, and takes its name from Daniel Gresolon, Sieur du thut, who, in 1679-SO. visited this vicinity. in 1S70, with a population of about 3000, it was incorporated as a city. Since then its growth has been very rapid, a population of 34S3 in 1880 having increased to :3:3,115 in 1890, and in 1900 to 52.909. including 21,000 persons of foreign birth and 400 of negro descent.