ELIZABETHAN ARCHITECTURE. A term applied to the mixed style \Allied' sprang imp on the decline of Gothic architecture. By some it is eonfused with the Tudor style (q.v.), out of which it sprang. Time Elizabjthan is chiefly ex emplified by mansions erected for the nobility in the reigns of Elizabeth and James I., and orig inated in the first attempt to revive classic archi tecture, inllueneed, no doubt, by 1101bein, •110 was patronized by Henry and furnished several designs in this manner. The distorted forms of Dutch and German late Renaissanee are everywhere visible, rather than the direct influ ence of Italy. John of Padua succeeded Ifolbein, and built. in the mixed style a palace for the Protector Somerset (for which purpose the clois ters of Saint Paul's were taken down), and the mansion of Longleat for his secretary, Sir John Thymic.. The curved broken gables. pilasters hroken by quoins and bands, and the tormented details are characteristic. So arc the vast di mensions of the apartments, the extreme length of the galleries, and time enormous square win do•s. The ornaments both within and without
are cumbrous: the cornices and ceilings wrought into compartments are heavy; in short, the archi tecture was just in keeping with the dress of the period, rich and gorgeous, rather than elegant. graceful, and comfortable. The following ex amples of mansions of the seventeenth century may be still seen near London: Ifolland !louse, Calupden in Surrey. Brainshill in Sir T. Willow's at. Charlton, the Marquis of Salisbury's at Hatfield, and Knowle, the prop erty of the Duke of Dorset. Others are Burton Agnes, Amulley End. Aston, Montaeute. Alogus :11111 'lime most eminent archi tects of those times were .John Thorpe, Gerard Christmas, Rodo1ph Symonds, and Vicunas 1101t, Consult : Richardson, .Irchilertural Remains of tit. Reigns of Elizabeth and James I. (London, 1640) ; Blomtield. History of Renaissance drehi lecture in England (London. 1397) : Goseh and Brown. Architecture of the Renaissance in Eng land (London, 1894).