Ammonia's, professor of grammar at .\lex andria. prepared a book of homonyms. published by Valekenaer in 1739 (also Leipzig, 18221. In this same book is edited the stork of Zenollotiis on the cries of :Milani-, which is ila r to (;11•111)(1T. j,t Xicoil I origin vast n lirotis .1,4,11,1111,ns Erstillorttur (Perugia. 1779). Ili...plains. of the latter part of the fifth century .%.//.. wrote a lexicon containing art explanations of 1:reek words with quota from authors. The tirst edition is the \Mine (Venice. 15141. die that of `-•hinitlt I. Orion. of Thebes. Egypt, of about .1.11• same period. wrote an etymological diet h.nary, which was printed la S'20 at Leipzig by Sturz. Erot ian, a physieian if Nero. prepared a lexicon on II ippoeratir in alphabetical order by n later writer, diced by Eli in, Leipzig. 18.15. -Tailins of Natter:ilk, l',gypt. who was made professor of rhetoric at .ttliens by the Emperor Tommodus. wrote the (htottiostieon referred to above. XN 11 jell is a work of great Value for the language and for the study of antiquities. It first appears in the .\ Mine edition (Venice, 1.500). There is an edition by 1)indorf 1s2t1. The most famous of Greek writers of gloss-tries is Sniflas, whose period is' thought to he the tenth century prepared an alphabetical dictionary of word's. with place and personal and many quotations from I; reek writers and salmi:its. This book was first printed at Milan in 1-199 and again in an excellent edition by Ilernhardy, 1853. Other I tyzant Mc lire of the ninth century (edition by Nal•r, Leyden, 1tin41, and John Zona•as of tury (edition lay Tittmatin, Leipzig, 180S). Gais• ford, at Oxford, published in I548 a 1:reck glos sary of the eleventh century known a. Etymo/o !nylon Lloyaum, which eontains many passages from different w.riters and many of an historical and mytholiTieal character. Eudocia Augusta, of :\lacr•mbolis, wife of Constantine NI, and izomanals (1059-71), prepared an historical and mythological dictionary which she called 'Iwria, .76ni,t, lied of Violets. In the work of ('rastoni.:t native of Piacenza. we have the first a:reek and Latin lexicon. There is an Aldine edition of 1497. Ti, the same time belong %he:gun-as. and that of 'Thomas. known as the monk Theodolu•. In 1572 at. I:elieva ap peared the Themiuriss tirarca• /,inguo of Henri Estietine ,Stephanus). rei;dited by 1)inilorf at Park, 181(5. the most complete Greek lexicon published. 'Fite first Oreek-•nglish lexicon is that of •1.4111 dones, London. 182:1, although the work of dolin Pickering, which was 11:110s in 1814. The most useful I;reek-English lexi•am i- the Liddell and ?Trutt (8th ed.. York. 18971, also in abridged form. Pape. ter/pitch de r grirrhisrheit Egg/roning I, (Brims. is of value for proper names. Special I:reek l•xieons worthy of mention are /.a.ricoo of the V, ir Tesigistient. by a revision of Orinim's \\*like's Chiefs Nor; 7', (London. 1889) ; Ur/Th. I.g.rig.on of the boson 111111 l'eriods, by E. .\. Sophoeles, l'eV by .1. ii. Thayer I ill., and for modern ((re•k, •1e.Soc6v 'ENNi)rti• \ik6r. 'Alotler11(:reek-English and English Alodern•a;reek, by •ontoponlos (34.1 ed. .1thetc;, 1.ss.9).
In Latin lexicography we think first of :\l, ins Varro. '1\ role De 1.11191111 1.11111117, a work on etymology and the uses of words, then of Verrill. Flac•us, living in the days of Angus•
sus. who wrote De rcrloiruoi which extant in the compilation of Pompeii's Fe-tus, entitled Siynificittiong tscghorirnts which was abridged lay Paulus 1)iaeonta- of the eighth eell• tory. The words are arranged alphalaetieally. This work has been of great service in giving information on antiquities and grammar. Less familiar are the dictionary of Tapia. of Ike (•leecnth century based on glossaries of the sixth and seventh, and the Orlholicon or samara of t:iovanni ltalbi, dating about 1286 and now a intrioAity as printed by alaitenberg in I WO. It passed through twVIlly editions. 'flue earliest polyglot was the work of an .\iigustine monk, •olepino. dating at Iti„ila 1502. At first it was a Latiii-Oreek lexicon. then extended 1,1 Melanie Italian. rrenell. and 41):111isla, and finally in the edit inn at in 159(1 there were eleven languages. The great Latin dictionaries are Thg.snorus 1.atingr of Roller' Estienne ( Paris. 1531). rcidiled down to 1734: and T1J1i1IR 1.1111110111 is lay Elarcellini (Paalam. 1771. this edition being published with the names of Facciolati and Eoicellini as editors 3d ed., 1831). The Latin words are given Greek and Italian equivalents, and are illustrated by examples from classical literature. The latest (fifth) edition is that of De \it (Prato, 185S 79), with the Unomastieun Toth:: Latinitatis as a supplement. This is the greatest of all Latin lexicons. The tirst Latin-English lexicon of any account was edited by Sir Thomas Elyot (London, 1538; fid ed. 1545). Before this there had ap peared the Promptorium Parrulorum by Grammatiens (1499), the Medulla Grammatica in manuscript (1483). and the Ort us (garden) 1 oeabulornin of Wynkyn de Wm.& (1500). Then in 1552 a Richard Duloet published his English Latin .1loccdarium with English definitions, and in 1570 appeared ilanipalus l'ocabulorum Pucro rum, a rhyming dictionary of English and Latin words by Peter Levins, and finally the Alrearie by John Baret, which had three languages, Eng lisb,Latin. French. In 1736 Robert Ainsworth pub lished his Latin-English dictionary, which passed through many editions. The best Latin lexicons of to-day are: Latin-English Dictionary, White and Biddle ( London, ISSO), and English-Latin Dic tionary (lb., 1869 ) ; Harper's Latin Dictionary, which is based on Freund's Lalin-German Lexi con, in English, by Andrews (New York, 1856), and which is revised by Lewis and Short (ib., 1886) : Georges. Deutsch-hatcinisches and Laid nisch-Dentsches lrlirterbuch (4 Leipzig, 1880-S5). This last is most accurate and satis factory and next to the Foreellini contains the most words of any Latin lexicon. The greatest Latin lexicon of modern times is the Thesaurus Lingua: Latinir (Leipzig, 1900 et seq.), which is due mainly to the genius of Edward W111tIlin of Munich. It is edited, under the supervision of the five great German academies, by the most dis tinguished classical scholars of Germany. It has reached—in 1902-360 pages, and the word last treated is art vs, a fact which shows the great scope of this work. For medi•val Latin the only lexicon of importance is the Du ('ange, Glos sarium ad He•iptores Media- ct Latimer Latini tatis (1733-36, edited by Henschel; 16 vols.. Paris, 1882-S8).