TOPOGRAPII Y. The western and northwestern coasts of Jutland. which are washed by the North Sea, and the Skagerrak. are low and girt by dunes and sand-bars. Behind the dunes there are several large lagoons or inclosed bays. but they are usually too shallow to serve as harbors. The northern extremity of Jutland is formed by the Skagen, a long, curved sand-pit. The east coast along the Cattegat lies at a somewhat higher level. and is indented by a series of inlets (fjords) that penetrate deeply into the interior: Limfjord, the most northerly, readies across the peninsula and communieates through a tortuous course with the North Sea. Some of the inlets may be entered by ships of light draught. Be tween the south of Jutland and the southern extremity of Sweden are Fiinen and Zeala»d, the largest islands of Denmark, dividing the out let of the Baltic into three passages—the Little Belt. between Jutland and Fallen: the Great Belt, separating Fawn and Zealand; and the Sound between Zealand and Sweden. Both islands: have an irregular and sandy coast line. The surflee of Denmark is uniformly low, A ridge of hills crosses the middle portion of Jut land from the southern frontier to the Limfjo•d. the highest points of which are less than 600 feet shove the sea; and this elevation is not exceeded elsewhere. The ridge constitutes the water part ing between the North Sea. which receives the Star Arm, the L5nborg An, and the Varde Aa, and the Cattegat. which tel the Glutei. Aa. The last named is the largest river Qf 1)eninark, and has a length Qt Wit Mile, l'fam %rt.. The climate of 1)etimark is like that of eastern Scotland, but it is -(01110W11:11 V.(1 I'lliee in summer and colder in winter. The mean tempt. rat tire at Copenhagen is about no F. III summer and about 32 in whiter. In general the have a milder climate than Jut land. In the Sound 11.11(1 ether ell:111111k are 1111(41 with (11'1f4 111g ice; the ade. however. not continuo for any length of time. Ileavy rains are frequent in autumn, and mists in summer. especially on the western coast of Jutland.
The flora of Denmark includes many ( f the •e111111011 ElITOpeali plants, and a number of species peculiar to the moorlands. Formerly there were extensive forests of pine and fir. but the-te trees are now practically limited to cult Valed lands. The trees most commonly found are the oak and the beech. .\bout 5 percent. of the total area is forested.
'rile fauna has no noteworthy char aeteristies. Fishes and aquatic birds abound. :salmon are found in the Guden Act. and oysters in a few \ V1111 the exception of 1Iornholm, which physically to Sweden, the entire area of 1/emit-a•k may he regarded as a continua tion of the plains of North 1:ermaity. The sur face consists of boulder clay and sand, resting upon stratified rocks of generally Cretaceous age.
The clay wits deposited during the Pleistocene (pod' by the Scandinavian iee-sheet. In the west :tad north of Jutland there are large tracts of moorlands which yield peat, hut no metallic ores occur in any part of the country. Bornholm is formed by Paleozoie and .Nlesozoie rocks.-and has the same geological structure as the southern part flf Sweden. 1X'aolin and a poor grade of coal are mined on this island.
proper is essentially agricultural country. .1bout tin per cent. of the total land surface is productive. and of this area about 35 per cent. is arable. 41 is pasture, and the remainder is mainly forest. Nearly 47 per vent. of the population are engaged in agri culture. The laws forbid the uniting of small farms into large ones, and favor the parceling (lit of landed estates. The peasant proprietors ;Ire eousequently increasing both in number and importance. The division of the land into very small I oldings is successfully associated with a (.11.(1((‘ eloped :Ne.t en' of cotqatrat ion. which en able, .mall farmers to use the most improved and xpettsive machinery, etc. Tenants in good hate absolute charge of their land. lif 11 c total area it) crops in 1596. abort 17 per 14•111. was 111 1• per cent. in rye. and 11 per et-iit in barley. \VItent. potatoes. and beet root are also important products. The value of the grain and hay crop for 15..19 was about it:55,250.000. titock-rai•ing is a prominent industry. In 159ti here 119.201 horses. 1.713,110 cattle, and 1.1171.113 sheep in the country. The dairy in dust r% is fostered by the general co?qterative plan mentioned above, and has reached a high degree tle‘elopment. Denmark butter is of a soperior grade. and the trade in it has at a re rkaltle I' ri rs s. The mantifactoring indus tries are chiefly on a small settle. The of 1S97 gives the number of industrial establish Intuits as 77256. employing nearly 177,1)(10 wage earners. or about 7 per cent. of HIV total popula tion. of these establishments but 1002 had a working force of troll) 211 to 100, and only 1115 over 100 hands each. The principal manufactures are furniture. foodstuffs, article, of apparel. and metal products. The textile in dustries are confined chiefly 10 the 1111%11 (1 t ..‘1111111file4111•1111.! 14 111c14 :1,111g 111 1111 per ta nee. partly in consequence Of the industrial schools. :\lost of the important plant, are in Copenhagen. In 1900 the distilleries in the country numbered S.• the sugar factories and refineries S. and the breweries 42. In that year tons of beet sugar and 15.25-1 tons of leargarin and oleomargarine were produced. There is some manufacturing of machinery and of pottery: also a little iron-smelting. The ht.