ELM-INSECTS. The 14111 seems husceplille to the attacks of foliage-eating in- "lost of these, however, are foreign cies, which have been accidentally imported and acclimated, and which are likely to attack the European in preference to Ameriean species. Hence it has heel: reim-iniended that a few pean elms he it:eluded within all plantations to serve as trap for the insect., Nvli 'eh may thus he attael ed more easily 1111111 if scattered over the whole plantation. The gypsy moth, brown-tail (see BROWN-TAILED) , tussock-moth ( qs.), and other defoliators, are more or less numerous, especially in New England, where great sums of money (see GYPSY MOTII) have been and eon tinnally are spent by local governments in sup pression of the evil; while the hagworm and va rious minor insects, such as bark-liee and leaf beetles, attack these trees in the South and West.
The Elm-Leaf Beetle is, of all these, perhaps the most generally destructive to the foliage of this tree. It is a well-known European pest, which first appeared in the United States about 1837, and has gradually become widespread. It is a yellowish-brown ehrysomelid beetle, a quar ter of an inch long, with three indistinct dark stripes on the wings. The beetles begin to feed while the leaves are growing. and eat round holes in them. They soon deposit clusters of bottle-shaped orange-colored eggs on the under sides of the leaves, and then die. The caterpillar like grubs speedily hatch and begin feeding. They are black at first, but become more yellow ish with each molt, until finally they are wholly yellow except three dark stripes. South of Phila
delphia, two broods are usually produced annual ly, but northward only one. The larva; feed oraeimisly and soon skeletonize the leaves, and the infested tree rapidly becomes as if burned. The grubs then crawl or fall to the ground arid go into the pupa state near or on the surface of the soil, sometimes so numerously as to make a noticeable yellow carpet all about the trunk of the tree. Ordinarily, however, they are more scattered, seeking crevices whieh will protect them somewhat ; and in this Mate those of the single northern brood or of the second southern brood pass (lie winter. Full details of this life history will be found in :Marina's Elm Leaf Beetle, published as "Circular No. 8" by the Department of Agriculture (Washington, 1895), ;I MI the author recommends the following reme dial measures: "The adults, for a week or two after emerging, feed the newly expanded foliage, and a spraying with Paris green or other arsenieal will destroy (lie great majority of them. Especial pains should be taken to accomplish the destruction of the insect in this stage. . . . If rains interfere with spraying for the adults, or if it be neglected, the trees should be sprayed with arsenicals on the first appearance of the and the application perhaps re newed a week or ten days later, especially if rains have intervened."