EMIN PASHA, amen pa-shil' (1840-92). An African explorer and governor in the Egyptian Sudan. was horn at 0ppeln. Prussia. of Jewish parents, his real name being Eduard Schnitzer. Ile studied at Breslau, Berlin, awl Konigsberg, taking his degree in mdicine. Ile \t,ent to Turkey in 1861, where in the following year he received an appointment as surgeon iu he Turkish Army, and in 1873 he removed to Egypt, where he became surgeon-general of the Egyptian army in the Sudan under the com mand of General Gordon. In 1878 he was ap pointed by General Gordon Governor of the equa torial provinces in the southern Sudan, with the title of Itey. Emin proved himself an able ad and in two years the provinces, which had hitherto been a source of expense to the Egyptian Government, became self-support ing. Ile personally conducted exploring expedi tions, adding greatly to the geographical knowl edge of Central Africa, and securing valuable collections of botanical and zolilogical specimens. After the revolt of the dervishes under the Malidi in 1881, he was completely cut of from Egypt and the rest of the world, but was able to maintain himself and keep the provinces under his control. While he was still isolated
from the civilized world he was made a pasha by the Egyptian Government (1887). In the fol lowing year he was rescued by an expedition led by Ilenry M. Stanley, who tried in vain to induce Emin to return with him to Egypt; but the Pasha would not leave his people, to whom he was devoted. In the following year, however, influenced by representations of the dervishes. the provinces rose in revolt, and Emin was deposed and imprisoned. On being released he reluctantly left the country, and returning to Egypt, resigned Iris office. A year later (1890) he entered the service of the German East Africa Company, and accompanied Dr. Stuhlmann on an expedition to Central Africa. It was while engaged in this work, which he prosecuted with heroic energy. in spite of ahnost extinct eyesight, that lie was assassinated by two Arabs. Consult: Buchta, Der Sudan voter dayptischer Tien-schrift (Leip zig, 1888) ; Stanley, In. Darkest Africa (New York, 1890) : Sehynse, Mit Stanley vend Emin. Paseha lurch. Deutsch - Ost - Africa (Cologne, 1890) ; and Schweitzer, Emin Pascha (Berlin, 1898).