EU, «, (ML. Anne, A ngium). A town in the De partment of France. near the mouth of the Bresle, 93 miles north-northwest of Paris (Map: France, II 1). it is remarkable for its fine Gothic church and for the Château d'Eu, a low seventeenth-century building of red brick, with high, tent - shaped roofs of slate. Louis Philippe expended large sums on the embellish ment of the chateau, which he inherited in 1821, and especially on its magnificent park and the unique portrait-gallery. Eu manufactures sail cloth, ropes, soap. lace, and silk. Population, in 1901. 5308. Consult: Vatout, Le chateau d'Eu, notices historigues (Paris, 1836) ; id., Residences royales (Paris, 1839).
EU, Prince LOUIS PHILIPPE MARIE FERDI NAND GASTON D'ORLEANS, Comte d' (1842—) . A Brazilian soldier. He was born in France, the eldest son of the Due de Nemours and the grandson of Louis Philippe. In 1864 he was married to Isabel, heiress apparent to the throne of Brazil. He was a marshal in the Brazilian Army. and was commander-in-chief of the allied forces in the war with Paraguay, which he brought to a successful termination in 1870. During Emperor Dom Pedro's long visits to Eu rope, the Canute d'Eu had the direction of Brazil ian affairs, but he became very unpopular, owing to his ultra-clerical views, and, after the procla mation of the Republic in 1889, retired to France.
EGA, A-c7l'a. One of the Tonga (q.v.) or Friendly Islands, situated about 10 miles south east of Tongatabu, in latitude 21° 25' south, and longitude 174° 50' west. It is about 15 miles long by eight miles wide. Its surface is rugged; the highest elevation, however, reaches an alti tude of but GOO feet.
EUBcE'A, prem. C?v'vi-il (Lat., from Gk.
EV/3ota, Euboia, rich in cattle, from en, well ±/3013c, bons, ox, cow; unofficial modern Gk. and Turk. Egripo; It. ,Vegroponte). A long, narrow island of Greece, stretching along the northeast coast of Locris, Bmotia, and Attica, from which it is separated by a narrow channel, the north western part of which is the channel of Atalante (the Eubman Sea of the ancients) and the nar rowest part of the strait to which the ancients gave the name of Euripus. At Chalcis the Euripus contracts to a width of a few rods. At the north the Channel of Trikeri separates Eublea from Thessaly, of whose eastern mountains, Ossa and Pelion, the Eubman range is a continuation. The extreme length is about 100 miles, and its breadth varies from 30 miles to about four. The island is
intersected by a chain of mountains running, north west and southeast, and attaining in the centre in the range of Mount Delphi (Gk. 61).07, ancient 6;cppor), an elevation of about 5725 feet. In an cient times copper and iron were mined in the island, and Carystus was the source for the green and white Cipollino marble, much used in ancient Rome. The mountains are still well wooded, and in the north are hot sulphur springs, much sought in ancient and modern times for their medicinal qualities. There is an almndanee of good pasturage, and the valleys on the west coast. are fertile, especially the famous Lelantian Plain, between Chalcis and Eretria, for the pos session of which those cities waged a long war. The chief products are oil, wheat, fruit, and honey. The inhabitants are chiefly engaged in the breeding of cattle; they export wool, hides, and cheese, as well as oil and grain. The chief towns arc Chaleis (q.v.) on the Euripus and ('arvstus on the south coast. Greek tradition told of Ahantes and Dryopes as the earliest inhabit.
ants, who were joined by Ionians from Attica, and founded the chief ancient cities of Chaleis and Eretria, which attained such prosperity as to send colonies to Italy, Sicily, and especially to Chalcidice, on the coast of Thrace. In B.C. 506 Chaleis was conquered by the Athenians, and after the Persian wars the whole island came under their control. After the Peloponnesian War Eubma became independent, and the island Was the scene of intrigues and fighting between the Athenian, Theban, and Macedonian parties, until the battle of Chnronea (B.C. 33S) brought it finally under the power of Macedon. Under the Romans it had a nominal independence from tux. 194 to 146, when it became part of the Prov ince of _Macedonia. The conquest of Constanti nople by the Crusaders in A.D. 1204 brought the seaports under the rule of the Venetians, and after many petty wars they became masters of the whole island in 1366. It was taken by the Turks in 1470, and remained iu their possession until the Greek Revolution. In 1830 it was made part of the new Greek State, of which it now forms a nomarehy. Consult: Baumeister, Topa graphische Skizze der Insel Euboia (Ltibeck, 1864) ; Bursian, Geographic von Griechen/and (Leipzig, 1868-73).