FARINI, Lutot CARLO (1812-66).
An Italian statesman and historian, whose name stands next to those of Garibaldi and Cavour in the long struggle for United Italy. He was born at Bussi, near Ravenna, graduated in medicine at Bologna twenty years later, and for a time prac ticed successfully as a physician. His share in the revolutionary movement of 1843 forced him, however, to leave the Roman States and live in exile in France, until the granting of the amnesty which followed shortly after the accession of Pius IX. In 1847 be entered the Liberal Cabinet a.; general secretary to Gaetano Rossi, the Min ister of the Interior, and later beenme director general of the sanitary department. After the assassination of Rossi. the tlieht of the Pope to Gaeta, and the proclamation of the Republic at Rome, Farini withdrew to Tuscany, and upon the occupation of Rome by the French, made his home in Piedmont, where he devoted him self to literary pursuits. He founded the sa tirical journal La Frusta, to support the Ministry of D'Azeglio, and became attached to the staff of Cavour's Risoryimento, but still had time during these years to write his most noted work, La stato roman° dull' amino 1814 fin al 1850 (1353), which made him widely known as a clear-sighted historian, and which has been translated into English under the su perintendence of Gladstone (1859). Having be
come a citizen of Piedmont, he was elected Deputy to the Legislature. and in 1851 became Minister of Public Instruction in D'Azeglio's Cabinet, resigning the following year. In 1859 he was sent to Modena as royal commissary, was there proclaimed Dictator, and in 1860 exerted his influence in Parma, Bologna, and Florence, in favor of a united Italy under Victor Emmanuel. In 1860 he became Minister of the Interior in Cavour's new Cabinet. Later he accompanied the King to Naples, and remained there as civil gov ernor. Upon the downfall of Rattazzi's Ministry in 1862, he was asked to form a new Ministry, but was soon after forced to retire, owing to failing health. His mind became affected, and he died August 1, 1S66, near Genoa. Besides the Roman State above mentioned, Farini wrote a continua tion of Botta's Italian history. Storia d'Italia dull' onsio 1814 fine ai nostri giorni (1854-59). For further details of Earini's life, consult: Ber sezio, in Contemporanei Italiani (Turin, 1860) ; Mauri, in Seritti biographichi (Florence, 1878) ; and Finali, un Nuova Antologia (Florence, 1873).