FIN'LAND ( Fin. Suomenmaa, land lakes and marshes). A grand duchy of Russia. extend ing from about latitude to about 711' N., and lying between longitudes 20' 30' and 33° E. (Slap: Russia, C 2). Its extreme length is 700 miles from north to south. The greatest breadth is about 400 miles. Finland is bordered on the north by Norwegian Lapland, on the east by Russia proper, on the south by the Gulf of Fin land, and on the west by the Gulf of Bothnia and Sweden. It includes part of Russian Lapland. It has an arca of 142,000 square miles, of which about 35 per emit. is forest (including many moors and morasses) ; over 11 per cent. is occu pied by lakes; about 3 per cent. is arable; and about 5 per cent. is in meadow. Finland has been called the 'Land of the Thousand Lakes.' Among its largest lakes are liana, Piiyiinnc, Enare, Torned, llauki, and Sanaa. The last of these, about 180 miles long, is the centre of the system of water communication between the central part of the country and the Gulf of Finland.
Lake Ladoga indents the southeast corner. The surface of Finland in general is a tableland ris ing from 400 to 000 feet above the level of the sea, with oeeasional elevations reaching about 2000 feet. In the extreme northwest an alti tude of about 4100 feet is reached in Ilahlischok. The rivers are unimportant. the chief being the Aluonio, which flows between Finland and Sweden, the Komi. and the •lea. The •oast line is generally low.. skirled in the south by numerous rocky The Crown fore.4s are extensive, yielding the Government a considerable ineonie. The trees are mainly conifers. Oaks and other broad leaf trees are found in the southern portion. In the northern seetion the vegetation is that of the Arctic tundras. The chief mammals are hear', wolves, lynxes, gluttons. foxes. elk. and reindeer. Game-birds and water-fowl abound. as as fish, principally herring and salmon.