FAVRE, JULES CLAUDE GABRIEL (1809-80). A French advocate, author, and politician. Ile was born at Lyons, March 21, 1509, and studied for the bar at Paris, where he took an active part in the July 1:evolution of 1830. On re turning to Lyons. the same year, he became noted for his ardent republicanism. From 1835 Favre was a member of the Paris bar. After the February Revolution of 18-18 he was Secretary in the Ministry of the Interior, in which capac ity he inspired the circular for which Ledrit-Rol lin's administration was so severely reproached, investing the commissioners of the Republic with dictatorial authority in the provinces. He was also active as a member of the Committee of Foreign Affairs. After the election of December 10th Favre showed himself a persistent an tagonist of Louis Napoleon, and after the flight of Ledru-Rollin became the orator of the Moun tain. The coup d'etat of December 2, 1851, closed his political career for the time. In 1858 he defended Orsini on his trial for a conspiracy to murder Napoleon III. In the same year he became a member of the Corps Legislatif, and a vigorous opponent of the Imperialist policy. In 186S he founded the Republican journal L'Elec tear, and he opposed with all his power the policy which led to the breach with Prussia.
Atter Sedan he called for the deposition of the Emperor and the formation of a Government of National Defense. lie was chosen Vioe-President and became Minister of Foreign Affairs, and car ried on negotiations with Count Bismarck; hut committed grave blunders, especially in insisting, against the advice of Bismarck, that the National Guard of Paris be allowed to retain their arms, the result being the outbreak of the Commune (q.v.). When Thiers became chief of the Exeeu tive, he appointed Favre Minister of Foreign Af fairs. and as such lie signed the definitive Treaty of Paris at Frankfort, May 10, 1871. Be re signed office in July, 1871, and resumed his law practice. Favre Was a voluminous writer on social and political subjects. He died at Ver sailles, January 19, 1880. Among his works may be mentioned: Rome et la Republique fran caise (1371); Le gourernement rla i. Septembre ( 1871-721 : Conferences et melanges (1880). Consult: Naritain, Jules Favre, melanges pa litiques (Paris, 1882) ; King, From-it Political Leaders (New York, 1882).