GREE'LY, ADOLPHUS (1844— ). An American Arctic explorer and meteorologist. He was born in Newburyport, Mass., where he received a high-school education. In July, 1861, he enlisted as a private in the Nineteenth Massa chusetts Volunteer Infantry, in which he served throughout the war, being thrice wounded and receiving the brevet of major on being mustered out in 1865. In 1867 he was appointed a second lieutenant in the Regular Army. In the following year he was detailed for duty in the Signal Corps. In 1876-79 he directed the construction of over two thousand miles of military telegraph in Dakota, Colorado, Montana, Wyoming, and Texas. In 1881 he was appointed to command the Gov ernment expedition planned in pursuance of the recommendations of the International Geographi cal Congress at Hamburg, in 1879, that thirteen circumpolar stations be established in the Arctic regions. The destination of the expedition, which included twenty-five men and was provisioned for three years, was Lady Franklin Bay on the north east coast of Grinnell Land. The party wintered two years at Discovery Harbor, Grinnell Land, whence expeditions were sent both into the in terior of Grinnell Land, and across the straits into Greenland, one of the exploring parties under Brainard and Lockwood reaching, in May, 1882, latitude 83' 24', the farthest north attained up to that time. After making geographical discoveries of great value and recording extensive meteorologi cal observations the party set out to return south ward in August, 1883. Reaching Cape Sabine with
great difficulty, they spent there the winter of 1883, during which all save seven perished from cold and starvation. Meanwhile, in the summers of 1882 and 1883, efforts had been made to com municate by ship with the party, but both had failed. The survivors were rescued at Cape Sa bine by a relief expedition under Capt. Winfield S. Schley, in June, 1SS4. For his services to geo graphical science. Lieutenant Greyly was awarded the Founder's Medal of the Royal Geographical Society, and the Roquette Medal by the Soci60 de GOographic, Paris, and was promoted to the rank of captain in the United States Army. In 1887 he was appointed by President Cleveland to suc ceed Gen. W. B. Hawn as chief signal officer, with the rank of brigadier-general. His publications include: Three Years of Arctic Service (2 vols., 1885) ; American Weather (1890) ; American Explorers and Travellers (1894); Handbook of Arctic Discoveries (1806) ; and numerous reports of much value, among which are: Chronological List of Auroras (1881); Diurnal Fluctuations of Barometric Pressure (1891) ; Proceedings of the Lady Franklin Bay Expedition (1888); Rainfall of Western States and Territories (1888) ; and Climatology of Arid Regions (1891). He also edited Public Documents of the First Fourteen Congresses, 178.}-IS17 (1900). Consult, in addi tion to Three Years of Arctic Service (New York, 1886), Schley, The Rescue of Oreely (New York, 1885).