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Etc Peculiar Customs

zigeuner, die, gypsies, der and id

PECULIAR CUSTOMS, ETC. The gypsy. wherever he lives. inclines naturally to sonic occupations rather than others, and especially to those that admit of a roving life, or. at least, of a life in the open air. He is universally it mender of pots and pans, and in the East, where the gypsies are settled in communities, they engage in many employments, such as smithing, basket-making, and the like. Horse-trading is a favorite means of livelihood. and almost the only one in England and America. The women 'tell fortunes,' and gained no small profits by their skill in more credulons days, while even now they earn a good living in this way from the frivolous. In Hun gary especially. but also in Russia and Poland, the gypsies are noted as musicians, and Liszt himself has borne tribute to their genius. (See his work on Gypsy music, cited below.) This music is wild and wonderfully effective, being wholly by ear and most accurate in technique. In their relations with gaje (gajos) or non-gyp sies, they are genial, friendly, ready to do busi ness; but in matters pertaining to themselves, their life, and language, often inclined to be reti cent. When, however, they have confidence in a non-gypsy friend, their sincerity and fidelity know no bounds. Much has been written about the gypsies in a spirit of hostile prejudice or commiseration; it must be admitted, none the less, that those who have gained their confidence and learned their ways and their point of view, have always spoken well of the romani.

BIBLIOGRAPHY. Baudrimont, Vocabulaire de Bibliography. Baudrimont, Vocabulaire de la langue des. Bohemiens habitant les pays basques francaises (Bordeaux, 1862) ; Bischoff, Dentsch-Zigeunerisches Worterbuch ( Ilmenau, 1827) ; Borrow, The Zincali, or an Account of the Gypsies of Spain (London, 1861) ; id., Ro

mano Lavo-Lil, Word-book of the Romany [Eng lish dialect] (ibid., 1874) ; Colocci, Gli Zingari (Turin, 1889) ; Dirks, Geschiedkundige Onder zoekingen aangaande het Verblijf der Heidens of Egyptiers in de noordelijke Nederlanden (Utrecht, 1850) ; Drylund, Tatere og Natimands folk i Danmark (Copenhagen, 1872) ; De Goeje, Bijdrage tot de Geschiedenis der Zigeuners (Amsterdam, 1875) ; Grellmann, Die Zigeuner (Dessau, 1783) ; Graffunder, Ueber die Sprache der Zigeuner (Erfurt, 1835) ; Groome, In Gipsy tents (Edinburgh, 1880) ; Jgina, Romani-Cib oder die Zigeuner-Sprache (Leipzig, 1886) ; Arch duke Joseph of Austria-Hungary, Czigany-Nyelv tan (Budapest, 1888) ; Kalina,. La langue des Tziganes slovaques (Posen, 1882) ; Leland, The English Gypsies and Their Language (London, 1874) ; id., The Gypsies ( 1882) ; Liebich, Die Zigeuner in ihrem Wesen und in ihrer Sprache (Leipzig, 1863) ; Liszt, Des Bohemiens et de leer musique en Hongrie (Leipzig, 1881) ; Miklosich, Ueber die Mundarten and die Wan derungen der Zigeuner Europas (Vienna, 1872 80) ; Paspati, Etudes sur les Tchingianes, ou Bohemiens de VEmpire Ottoman (Constantinople, 1870) ; Pott, Die Zigeuner in Europa und Asien (Halle, 1844-45) ; Simson, A History of the Gypsies (New York, 1878) ; Smart and Crofton, The Dialect of the English Gypiies (London, 1875) ; von Sowa, Die Mundart der slovakischen Zigeuner (Gottingen, 1887) ; Sundt, Beretning mn Pante-eller Landstrygerfolket i Norge (Chris tiania, 1853) r Von Wlislocki, wandernden Zigeuriervolke (Hamburg, 1890) ; id., Volksglaube und religioser Brouch der Zigeuner (Munster, 1801) ; id., Aus dem inneren Leben der Zigeuner (Berlin, 1892).