GALLENGA, gal-1611'ga, ANTONIO ( 1810-95). An Italian historian and publicist, born at Par ma. He began the study of medicine at the University of Parma, but soon abandoned it for a literary career. After the insurrection of 1831, in which he played a part, he had to go into exile, and visited France and the United States. Returning to Italy, he became prominent in the councils of Mazzini's party, and was chosen as the agent to assassinate the King of Sardinia, Charles Albert. He could not bring himself to the performance of this cowardly deed, and in 1838 withdrew to London. In 1843 he was given the chair of Italian literature in University College, and three years later he became a natu ralized British citizen. In Italy again on the uprising of 1848, he left it when the fortunes of the revolutionists sank, only to return in 1S54. when he was elected a Deputy to the Sardinian Parliament. The following year he had his History of Piedmont published at London, and aroused such dissensions in Mazzini's party by his frank statement of facts as to the intended assassination of Charles Albert that he had to resign his place in the Parliament. He returned
to Italy in 1858, reentered the Parliament at Turin as a Deputy, and in 1874 he accompanied King Victor Emmanuel to Berlin and Vienna. He was long a correspondent of the London Times both in Italy and in other countries, including America, Denmark, and Spain. In addition to the History of Piedmont, he wrote, among other works: Oltremonte ed oltremare, Canti di un pel legrino (1844) ; Italy, Past and Present (1346) ; Scenes of Italian Life (1850) ; Italy in 1848 (1851) ; Two Years of the Eastern Question (1877) ; The Pope and the King (1878) ; L'Italia presente e future (1886). His Practical Gram mar of Italian for the use of English-speaking students has passed through many editions since 1851. He contributed many articles to English reviews.