GATSCHET, ga'shAl, ALBERT SAMUEL (1832 —). An American philologist and ethnologist, born at Saint Beatenberg, Bern, Switzerland. He studied at the universities of Bern and Berlin, made investigations regarding the Swiss dialects, and published Ortsetymologisehe Forschungen als Beitriige zu einer Toponomastik der Schweiz (1865-67), and Promenade onomatologique sur les bords du Lac Leman (1867). In 1868 he re moved to the United States, where until 1977 he was connected with the staffs of'various German newspapers, and in that year was appointed eth nologist of the Government Geological Survey. He became linguist to the Bureau of American Eth nology in 1879. From 1874 he made extensive study of the languages of the North American Indians, in particular those of the Tonkawa, Yuma, Chu mete, Hitchiti, Creek, and Timueua tribes. Among the many valuable treatises published by him, in both English and German, are : Zwolf Sprachenaus deco Siidwesten Nordamerikas (1876) ; Analytic al Report upon Indian Dialects Spoken in South ern California. Nevada, and on the Lower Colo
rado River (1876) ; "Classification of Western Indian Dialects," in volume vii. of the Report of the Geological Survey West of the 100th Merid ian (1879) ; Volk and Sprache der Timucua (1881); Indian Languages of the Pacific States and Territories and of the Pueblos of New Mexi co (1892) ; "A Migration Legend of the Creek Indians," in No. 4 of Brinton. Library of Aborig inal American Literature (Philadelphia, 1884 88) : and "The Indians of Southwestern Oregon." in Contributions to North American Ethnology, vol. ii. (Washington, 1890). For a further list of titles, consult Pilling, Bibliography of North American Languages (Washington, 1885).