GEBHARDT, aeplhart, EDUARD VON (1838-). A distinguished German historical painter, born at Saint Johannes, Esthonia. After studying at the Academy of Saint Petersburg (1855-58) and at the School of Art in Karlsruhe for the next two years, part of which he spent in traveling, he be came in 1860 the pupil of Wilhelm Sohn at Dtis seldorf, where he permanently settled, was ap pointed professor at the academy in 1873, and became one of the most conspicuous ornaments of that institution. His works mark a new depar ture in the pictorial treatment of religious sub jects in Germany, upon which, in keeping with the modern realistic tendency, he endeavored to impress a national stamp after the manner of the Flemish and German masters of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, endowing his figures with the costume and features typical of that period. The more important among the many biblical scenes he painted are: "Entry of Christ into Jerusa lem" (1863) ; "Christ on the Cross" (1866, Reval Cathedral) ; "The Last Supper" (1870, National Gallery, Berlin), one of his finest creations, mas terly in characterization of the life-sized figures; "Crucifixion" (1873, Hamburg Gallery), with a strong leaning toward the Old-Flemish School; "Ascension of Christ" (1881, National Gallery, Berlin), another masterpiece, life size, of more ideal conception; "Taking Care of Christ's Body" (1883) and "Jacob and the Angel" (1893), both in Dresden Gallery; "Christ and the Rich Youth" (1392) and "Sermon on the Mount" (1893), both in Diisseldorf Gallery; "Healing of the Palsied" (1895, Breslau Museum). Of sev
eral episodes from the period of the Reformation may be mentioned "The Reformer at Work" ( 1877, Leipzig Museum). To some pre-Raphaelite impressions received on a visit to Italy in 1882, a cycle of six mural paintings, "Scenes from the Life of Christ" (completed 1891), in the Cister cian Monastery at Lokkum, bear witness. He also painted many excellent portraits, and was awarded the great gold medal at the Berlin Ex hibition of 1886. Consult the monographs by Rosenberg (Leipzig, 1899) and Schaarschmidt (Munich, 1899).