GEIKIE, ge'kl, Sir ARCHIBALD (1835— ). A distinguished British geologist, born in Edin burgh, where he attended the high school and university. Becoming a member of the Geolog ical Survey of Scotland under Murchison, he was raised in 1867 to the office of director. From 1871 to 1882 he held the Murchison professor ship of geology and mineralogy in the Univer sity of Edinburgh, resigning the position to be come general director of the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom and director of the Museum of Practical Geology in London. Geikie is an eminent authority and contributor on geological subjects. His studies in inorganic geology, particularly physiography, dynamism, and the structure of the earth, show a keen ap preciation of natural processes, while his geo logical text-books are models for arrangement, general balance, and facility of expression. He is a member of many scientific societies in Great Britain and other countries, including the Royal Society of London and the Institute of France, and has received the honorary degrees of D.C.L.
from Oxford, D.Sc. from Cambridge, and LL.D. from Edinburgh. In 1891 he was elected presi dent of the Geological Society of London, an honor that was accompanied the same year by the title of knight. He has also served as presi dent of the British Association for the Advance ment of Science. In 1897 Geikie visited the United States to deliver the first series of lec tures on the George Huntington Williams foun dation at Johns Hopkins University. Among his more important works, some of which have passed through several editions, are the follow ing: Scenery of Scotland, Viewed in Connection with Its Physical Geography (1869) ; Field Geology (1879) ; Text-book of Geology (1882); Class-book of Geology (1886) ; Ancient Volcanoes of Britain (1897); The Founders of Geology (1897) ; and Types of Scenery and Their influ ence on Literature (1898).