Genoa, so rich in architecture, is poor in masterpieces of painting and sculpture. The principal picture galleries are in the Palazzi Rosso and Bianco, presented to the city by the Duchess of Galliera, in the seventeenth-century Palazzo Balbi-Senarega. (private), and in the Palazzo Durazzo-Pallavicini, which also con tains a library with examples of early printing. The Rosso collection embraces meritorious paint ings by Paris Bordone, Bassano, and Van Dyck. The Bianco contains letters by Columbus, majol ica, coins, miniatures, tapestries, Oriental vases, and noteworthy paintings by Rubens and David. The Balbi-Senarega Palace is perhaps the most pleasing one in the city, owing to its Doric court with colonnades set off by an orangery. Among the good paintings here are works by Rubens, Titian, and portraits by Van Dyck. The city owns the Villetta di Negro, with its artistic pleasure gardens and fountains. It contains the municipal museum and zoological gardens. The Palazzo Doria was presented in 1522 to Andrea Doris (q.v.), `father of his country,' and, as the Latin inscription on the building says, admiral of the Papal, Imperial, French, and Genoese fleets. The building was remodeled in 1529 by Montorsoli after plans suggested by Doria, and was at that time decorated with fres coes by Perino del Vaga, a pupil of Raphael. The interior of the little thirteenth-century Gothic Church of San Matteo was also remodeled by Montorsoli. The facade of the church bears in scriptions in honor of the Doria family; the sword of Andrea Doria hangs over the high altar, and his tomb is in the chapel. The thirteenth century Palazzo Ducale, remodeled in the six teenth century, and, after a fire, modernized in 1777, was once the residence of the doges; now it is given over to judges and police commissioners. The seventeenth-century Palazzo Reale acquired by the royal family in 1815, and restored in 1842, is magnificently furnished. In the Church of Santo Stefano is a celebrated painting by Giulio.Romano, the "Stoning of Stephen." In the Piazza •Acquaverde, before the railway station, there is a marble statue of Columbus, who was born near or in Genoa. This monument, sculptured in 1862 by Canzio, has four allegorical figures—Religion, Science, Strength, and Wis dom. At the foot kneels a figure representing America. On the pediment of the Palazzo Far ragiana, opposite, are scenes from the life of Columbus in marble relief. In the sixteenth century Palazzo Municipale (City Hall) is a mosaic portrait of him, and in the pedestal of his bust are preserved the originals of some of his letters. There•are also memorials of hini in the Palazzo Bianco. He is said to have been bap tized in the architecturally interesting Church of Santo Stefano. The Municipale possesses also Paganini's famous violin (Guarneri). Among the many monuments which enrich the spacious piazzas and corsos of Genoa are those of Victor Emmanuel and Mazzini, who was born here, and an immense bronze monument to the Duke of Calera. The modern Campo Santo (cemetery) is beautifully laid out on the north bank of the Bisagno. It contains many splendid monuments, and is famous for its imposing appearance, crowning rotunda, and galleries with their strik ing variety of sculptured monuments. In the environs are several lordly and celebrated villas, and gorgeous views of sea and shore abound on every hand, as in the city itself.
The finest court and stairway in Genoa are in the Palazzo dell' Universita, which was begun as a Jesuit College in 1623, and transformed into a university by Napoleon in 1812. The university in 1900 counted 127 instructors (including docents) and L1330 students. Among the prin cipal libraries are that of the university, the city library (in the Academy of Fine Arts), that in the Palazzo Rosso, the Missioni Urbane, and the Franconia. Genoa has two royal gymnasia, two royal lyceums, a theological seminary, a royal school of shipbuilding, a commercial school of university rank, five technical schools, three royal normal schools, two technical evening schools, a school of technical design, and the in dustrial school Duchessa Galliera. Genoa is not
important in the realms of literature, music, and the theatre.
Among the splendidly equipped institutions of charity, to which the city grants over $100,000 a year, are the Pammatone Hospital, with beds for 700, founded in 1420 by Bartolomeo Bosco; the poor-house, founded in 1655, and enlarged in 1835, with accommodation for 1400; the hospital for the incurable; the Sant' Andrea Hospital; the asylum for the deaf and dumb; the orphan asylum, with accommodation for 600 girls; the insane asylum; the asylum for the blind; the Protestant Hospital; and the children's hospital.
Of the seven principal theatres the most im portant—one of the largest in Italy—is the Teatro Carlo Felice, built in 1828, with 3000 seats. There are excellent electric-lighting, gas, telephone, water, and sewerage systems, and the death-rate has declined appreciably during the past generation. There is a paid fire department, with a per capita annual expenditure of over ten cents. The city government has a high reputa tion for efficiency. The administration consists of sixty municipal councilors elected by the citi zens, forty lira of taxes entitling a citizen to a vote, and to nomination as a councilor. A giunta or administrative committee of tweNe members is elected from among themselves by the council, and from this administrative committee the King appoints the syndic or mayor. Genoa is the seat of an archbishop.
There is regular communication by steamship with the principal Mediterranean ports; with Germany and the British Isles; with New York (weekly) ; and with Asia and Australia. The headquarters of the Generale Ital iana, and of other steamship companies, are here.
As a commercial centre Genoa is advancing rapidly, with the prospect of becorging before long the first port on the Mediterranean. The connec tions by rail with the Saint Gothard Tunnel, 200 miles north, render it the principal port on the Mediterranean for Switzerland and Germany. The East railway station in the city is connected with the main or West station by a subway a mile and a half long, which has a branch diverg ing to the harbor station. The harbor station is connected with the various docks by rail.
In 1900 the imports amounted to 3,075,790 tons (metric), and were valued at 519,679,519 lira (about $100,000,000) ; the exports amounted to 232,300 tons, valued at 240,106,592 lira (about $47,000,000). The principal article imported coal from England ; in 1900, 1,855,857 tons, which is more English coal than is imported by any other port in the world. In 1891 the value of the imports was about $78,000,000, of the ex ports about $18,000,000; in 1877 the imports were valued at $58.000,000, exports at about $9,500.000. The weight of the goods that passed through Genoa in bond in 1900 was 367,534 tons; their value 155,564,373 lira (about $30,000, 000). The number of vessels entering and clear ing in 1900 was 13,602 (7292 steamships), with registered tonnage of 9,727,545. In nationality, 9770 were Italian, 1398 English, 453 German, 426 French. The number of vessels entering and clearing in 1891 was 12,256, with registered tonnage of only 6,421,637. Of these only 5973 were steamships. In the seventies the number of vessels entering and clearing averaged only 5000, with tonnage of about 2,000,000. In point of tonnage Genoa is by far the first of Italian cities, though in 1900 it was still surpassed by Naples in number of vessels entering and clear ing. The principal imports besides coal are grain (in 1900 about $16,000,000), cotton (about $16,000,000), silk (about $7,000,000) ; the prin cipal exports are silk goods (in 1900 about $15, 000,000), cotton goods (about $8,000,000), spirits, wine and oil (about $4,000,000). American cot tonseed oil is mixed here in large quantities with olive oil, and exported. The industrial interests are also important.