GOTTI, go'te, GIROLAMO MARIA ( 1834— ). An Italian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was born in Genoa, where his father was a dock laborer. He joined the Carmelite Order at an early age, and, showing an unusual bent toward physical science, was made professor of mathematics and natural philosophy in one of their colleges. Later he became provincial, and a consulter of the Roman congregations. His diplomatic ability caused him to be selected for various special missions to South American States, which he fulfilled with success, especially in Brazil. • In 1895 he was created a cardinal, and later prefect of the Congregation of Bishops and Regulars. In 1902 he was selected, on the death of Cardinal Ledochowski, as prefect of the Propaganda (q.v.)—a still more important office, practically second in importance and responsi bility to the Papacy, for the succession to which his name was frequently mentioned, especially as the candidate of the Jesuit Order.
GoTTINGEN, Offing-en. An old town of the Prussian Province of Hanover, situated on the Leine, 36 miles north by rail east of Cassel (Map: Prussia, C 3). With the exception of the fourteenth-century Rathaus, containing frescoes by Schaper, the modern theatre. and the famous Gottingen University (q.v.), the town has no
buildings worthy of mention. Of its many edu cational institutions. the most noteworthy, aside from the university, are the gymnasium, founded at the' end of the sixteenth century, the peda gogical seminary, and the municipal museum of antiquities. The Aula has a picture collection with some good examples of the early Dutch and German schools. Gottingen is provided with a good water-supply. The chief manufactures are cloth, leather, scientific instruments, tobacco, and famous Bologna sausages. The Blumenbach col lection of skulls is in Gottingen. Population, in 1890, 23,689; in 1900, 30,234, chiefly Protestants.
The town is first mentioned in the tenth cen tury. It was given municipal rights by Otho IV. at the be'ginning of the thirteenth century, and in 1261 became the residence of the Princes of Brunswick-Ltineburg. It was a prominent member of the Hanseatic League, and famous for its cloth goods. Its prosperity was interrupted by the Thirty Years' War, when it fell twice into the hands of the Swedes. The establishment of the university gave Giittingen new importance, and at the close of the eighteenth century it was a flourishing literary centre.