All of these characters are of importance in determining the species of grasses. The arrange ment of the spikelets in the head, as it is often improperly called, is varied. They may be sessile along the axis, as in wheat, forming a spike; they may all be arranged on one side of the axis or ra chis, forming a raceme, or the rachis may branch widely into a panicle, as in oats, blue grass, etc., and there are many intermediate forms between these. According to their most common uses grasses may be divided into lawn, pasture, and hay grasses. Among the more common grasses suited to lawns are blue grass, Rhode Island bent grass redtop, Bermuda grass, Saint Augustine grass, and buffalo grass. Pasture grasses in clude: Redtop, blue grass, bent grass, fescue, orchard grass, brome grass, Bermuda grass, grarna grass, rye-grass, blue-stem, and mesquit. Hay grasses include: Timothy, orchard grass, red top, blue grass, brome grass, Johnson grass, tall oat-grass, meadow fescue, meadow foxtail, rye grass, Guinea grass, crab-grass, crested dog's tail, etc. In addition many grasses are especially suited to binding sands and embankments. Grass seed as usually obtained consists of the grain, with more or less chaff closely enveloping it. The seed
proper consists of a small embryo, which lies at the base and nearly outside of the starchy endo sperm, and the endosperm with its adhering peri carp. Upon the nature of the endosperm depends the great importance of some of the grasses in supplying various food-grains to man.
The following table represents Hackel's classi fication of grasses, which is now generally ac cepted by botanists, and by which the genera are grouped into thirteen tribes, in two series: improvement often observed in the appearance of cattle when turned out to pasture in the spring is probably due in large measure to the fact that the appetite is increased by the succulent and agreeable flavor of the green feed, and thus the total amount of nutritive material consumed in a day is greater than when they are fed dry feed ing stuffs. If pasturage is abundant cattle and sheep will not need other feed. If such is not the case, owing to drought or other causes, pas turage should be supplemented by other feeds. Generally speaking, grass increases in nutritive value until the seed is nearly ripe—that is, the