GREGORY XIII. ( iTg0 1311011COMpa.gTIO ) ( Pope 1572-85). He was born in Bologna, February 7, 1502. He was educated in his native city, where he held the professorship of law for several years. He settled in Rome in 1539, and was one of the theologians of the Council of Trent (q.v.). On his return to Rome he was created cardinal in 1564, and sent as legate to SAM. On the death of Pius V., Gregory was elected Pope in 1572. He showed great zeal for the promotion and improve ment of education; a large proportion of the col leges in Rome were wholly or in part endowed by him, and his expenditure for educational purposes is said to have exceeded 2,000,000 Roman crowns. The most interesting event of his pontificate is the correction of the calendar (see CALENDAR), which was the result of long consideration, and was finally proclaimed in 1582. When the news of the massacre of Saint Bartholomew reached Rome, Gregory and his cardinals solemnly cele brated the event at the Church of San Marco, on September 6, 1572, as the suppression of a con spiracy not alone against Charles IX., King of France, but also against the Church, as Cardinal Hergenraber states. In the same year he had a
medal struck, with his portrait on the obverse, and on the reverse an angel bearing a cross and • sword, while the inscription reads, Hugonotorum strages of the Huguenots'). Gregory did much to help the Jesuits. He died in Rome, April 10, 1585, in the eighty-third year of his age. He published in 1582 a valuable edition of the Dceretum Gratiani.—GREGORY XIV. ( Niceolb Sfon drato) ( ?-c.1591) (Pope 1590-91). He was a native of Cremona. He put Henry IV. of France under the ban (1591).—GREGORY XV. (Alessandro Ludo visio) (1554-1623) (Pope 1621-23). He was born in Bologna, 1554. Although an old and infirm man when chosen Pope, his pontificate, thanks to his nephew, Ludovico Ludovisio, whom immediately after his elevation he made cardinal at the early age of twenty-five, was a very success ful one. The Counter-Reformation (q.v.) ac complished much in Bohemia, Austria and Hun gary; the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith was established, and the Papal Con clave as at present carried on ; and to him is due the secret balloting in the Papal election.