GRUNEWALD, gi/lie-via, MATTHIAS ( c.1529). A German painter, born at Aschaffen burg. He spent most of his life at Mainz, but very little is known of his personal his tory. The treatment of his figures is broader and more expressive, and at the same, time softer and of richer color, than anything that had hitherto been attempted; and he ranks among the first of German painters. His works were for a long time confounded with those of Cranach. The most important of them is an altarpiece from Isenheim (now in the Colmar Museum); it represents the Madonna and Child with angel musicians (centre picture), the Resurrection and Annunciation, and scenes from the life of Saint Anthony. Other works are: the wings of an altar piece—Saint Lawrence and Saint Cyriacus—in the Frankfort Museum; "The Conversion of Saint Maurice," in the old Pinakothek, Munich; and an altarpiece owned by Queen Victoria is also attributed to him.
GRtiNHAGEN, grnnIM-gen, KOLMAR (1828 —). A German historian, born near Breslau, and educated at Jena, Berlin, and Breslau, where in 1855 he was made docent in history, and eleven years later professor. He edited the Zeit schrift des Vereins fiir Geschichte und Altertum Schlesiens (1862 at seq.), and was long head of the governmental archives in Breslau. He wrote much on the history of Silesia: Breslau unter den Piasten als deutsches Gemeinwesen (1861) ; Friedrich der Grosse und die Breslauer, 1740-41 (1864) ; Die Hussiten-Kiimpfe der Schlesier (1872) ; Geschichte Schlesiens (1884-86) ; and Schlesien unter Friedrich dem Grossen (1890 92). Grit/Amgen published many valuable docu ments, especially from the Middle Ages, bearing on the history of the province.