GUBERNATIS, gM'IfFir-nil'th, ANGELO DE, Count (1840— ). An eminent Italian litt6rateur, born at Turin. He studied at the University of Turin, and in 1862 was sent by the Government to Berlin to perfect himself in philology. In 1863 he was appointed, as professor extraor dinary, to the chair of Sanskrit in the Istituto degli studj superiori at Florence, and in 1869 he became full professor. He was' attracted by the socialistic theories of Bakunin, and not long after his first appointment vacated his chair, that he might be free to carry out those views, but he soon discovered them, and after some hesitation was reappointed in 1867. He was called to the University at Rome in 1891. De Gubernatis has been active as a dramatist, lyric poet, journal ist, critic, Orientalist, and mythologist. His early works were contributions to Sanskrit scholarship. The Zoiilogical Mythology, pub lished in London (1872), gave him a Euro pean reputation. Among his scientific and liter ary works may also be mentioned his dramas, such as the trilogy // re Nala (1859), the Dan Rodrigo (1861), the Drammi indiani (1872), the Savitri (1877) ; his works dealing with Oriental studies, as, for example, the Piccola enciclopedi4 indiana (1867), the Fonti vediche dell' epopea (1868), the Irlitologia vedica (1874), the Manu ale di storia della letteratura indiana (1882) ; his investigations into mythology, such as the Manuale di mitologia cornparata (1880) ; his im portant biographical compilations, the Dizionario biografico degli scrittori contemporanei 80), and the continuations since 1888 (cf. the
Dietionnaire international des ecrivains du jour, 1888), the Ricordi biograflci (1873), the Dizio nario degli artisti italiani viventi (1889-92) ; and the great history of literature and anthology en titled Storia universale della letteratura dai priori tempi e presso tutti i popoli civili fino ai nostri giorni, con florilegi da ogni letteratura (1882-85). He founded and carried on many periodicals and reviews; e.g. La letteratura civile (1859) ; La civilta italiana (1865) ; Rivista orientate (1867-68) ; Rivista europea ; Bollcttino italiano degli studj orientali (1876 et seq.) ; Revue internationale (1883-87). A contributor to many reviews, he also has directed the Giornale della socictd asiatica italiana since 1887.