GUN'DULF. The reputed founder of an heret ical sect in Artois, the Bishopric of Liege, and elsewhere, in the eleventh century. Of Gundulf himself nothing is known. In 1025 a company of his fellows was arrested by Gerhard, Bishop of Cambrai and Arras, and brought to trial. Ac cording to the rules which they avowed, they had forsaken the world, were* striving to keep the flesh in subjection, to support themselves by their industry to be honest in their dealings, and to love all who were willing to join them. In their assemblies they were accustomed to pray and to wash one another's feet. Gerhard, how ever, charged them with rejecting the sacraments, the Roman Catholic Church, the Pope's suprem acy, the hierarchical system, and all clergy what ever, and teaching that the consecrated elements of the Lord's Supper were nothing more than what they appeared to be; that marriage was to be avoided, that church buildings and altars were not holy, and that crosses, crucifixes, and images tended to idolatry. At length, under the com bined influence of the Bishop's arguments and of torture, they agreed to recant their errors. The acts of the synod are the only source from which knowledge of this sect can be obtained, and after the trial neither Gundulf nor his followers can be traced. The acts are best edited by Federicq, Corpus Documentorum Inguisitionis Neerlandiccr (Ghent, 1889). Consult Dollinger, Beitrage zur Sektengcschichte des diittclalters Munich, 1890).
GU/sTDULIC, gun'd6O-lech, IVAN ( 1588-1638). The' most celebrated Illyrian poet of earlier times. He was born in Ragusa, on the coast of Dalmatia, a meeting-place of Italian and South Slavic culture, and received the best education obtain able at the time, studying philosophy, jurispru dence, and classical and Latin literature. His scholarly attainments secured him various official posts at an early age, and at one time he occupied the highest office, that of rector of the Republic of Ragusa. A translation of Tasso's Jerusalem Delivered was followed by original poetical works, lyric, epic, and dramatic. His greatest work is the heroic epic Osman, in twenty cantos. describing the campaign between the Poles and the Turks around Khotin in 1621. The poem was first published in 1626, and since then has been often republished. A late edition for schools, with a commentary, is by Broz (Agram, 1887), Other works of Gundulic are the elegy Tears of the Lost Son, and the dramas Cleopatra, Dubrav ka, Prosperpina, and Ariadne, to mention only a few of the many that laid the foundations of Slavic drama at the new theatre of Ragusa. His collected works were_,published in 1877 by the Agram Academy in volume ix. of Ancient for cation Consult: Appendini, Vita di G. Gondola (Gunduli6) (Ragusa, 1828) : Jensen. Gundulid and sein Osman (Gotenburg, 1900).