GUSSENBAUER, gnIsen-bou'er, KARL (1842 —). An Austrian surgeon. He was born at Ober-Veiled:, Carinthia, and was educated at Vienna, where for some time he was assistant to Billroth. In 1875 he was appointed professor of surgery at Liege, in 1878 he was made professor at Prague, and since 1894 he has been professor of surgery in Vienna. He was the first to construct a serviceable artificial larynx. His researches have been devoted chiefly to gastrotomy, removal of the larynx, partial intestinal resection, and methods of artificial hone-severance. His princi pal works include: Die traumatischen Verletzun gen (1880) ; Sephtlainzie, Pyohihnie and Pyo Suphthitmie (1882). and Beitrag zur Extirpation von Beckenknochengeschwiilsten (1891).
GtiSSFELDT, 0s/felt, PAUL ( 1840— ). A German explorer. lie was born in Berlin, and was educated at Heidelberg, Berlin, Giessen, and Bonn. When the first expedition was sent out by the German African Society in 1872, he was chosen its leader. The expedition sailed to the coast of Loango, but was shipwrecked near Free town, Liberia, January 14, 1873, and lost all its stores and equipments. Although Gtissfeldt suc
ceeded in establishing a station on the coast, he was unable to penetrate into the interior, and re turned to Germany in the summer of 1875. In 1870 he visited Egypt and the Arabian Desert (with Schweinfurth), and afterwards explored a portion of the Andes, where he discovered a num ber of glaciers in latitude 34° 30' S. He also ascended to the top of the volcano of Maipo, and reached almost the summit of Mount Aconcagua, the highest peak of South America. In 1892 he became professor of physical geography in the seminary for Oriental languages in Berlin. Among his principal works are the following: In den Dochalpen. Erlebnisse aus den Jahren 1859-85 (3d ed. 1893) ; Kaiser 1Villielins II. Reisen nach Norwegen in den Jahren 1889-92 (1892) ; Die Loangoe•pedition, jointly with Falkenstein and Pechuel-Loesche (1879 et seq.).