HISTORY. German colonization on the east coast of Africa began in 1884, when an expedi tion sent by the German Colonization Society (established in the same year) secured by treaty the territories of Useguha, Nguru, Usagara, and Ukanii. In 1885 the German East African Com pany came into existence, and during 1885-86 succeeded in extending its dominions along the coast from Somaliland to the mouth of the Rovuma, with the exception of the territory around Mombasa, then in the possession of the British. By the Anglo-German agreement of 1886 the northern boundary of the colony was fixed, and the dominions of the Sultan of Zanzi bar on the mainland reduced to a narrow strip along the coast. The southern boundary of the colony was fixed in 1887. In the following year an agreement was reached with the Sultan of Zanzibar by which the latter ceded his posses sions on the mainland to the company for an an nual rental. An outbreak of the Arabs on the coast prevented the agreement from going into effect, and as the German forces then present in the colony were insufficient to cope with the rebels, the latter soon made themselves masters of all the seacoast towns, with the exception of Dar-es-Salaam and Bagamoyo. At the beginning
of 1889 the company appealed to the German Government, and a military force of 800 colored troops, under the command of German officers, was dispatched to the colony. The rebellion was suppressed within a year. By a second agreement with Great Britain, in 1890, the Ter ritory of Vitu, then within the German sphere of influence, was exchanged for Helgoland (q.v.), in the North Sea. The Sultan of Zanzibar re nounced his claim to the coast for the sum of 4,000,000 marks ($952,000), and on January 1, 1891, the colony came under the control of the German Government. Consult: Reichard, (Leipzig, 1898) ; Peters, Das Schutzgebiet (Munchen and Leipzig, 1895) ; Baumann, Durch Massailand zur Nilquelle (Berlin, 1894) ; Stuhlmann, Mit Elvin Pascha ins Herz von Afrika (Berlin, 1894).