HISTORY. For brief treatments of German his tory, consult: Henderson, A Short History of Germany (New York, 1901), a product of modern critical scholarship. Bryce, The Holy Roman Empire (New York and London, 1892), is a lumi nous essay that must be studied to understand the political development of Germany and its rela tions with the Holy Roman Empire. The history of Germany in medieval times is adequately treated by Henderson, History of Germany in the Middle Ages (London and New York, 1894) ; Lamprecht, Deutsche Geschichte (Berlin, 1891 94) ; Giesebreeht, Geschichte der deutschen Kaiserzeit (Brunswick, 1881-90). The following are standard works by some of the foremost of German historians on the modern period: Mareks, Germany and England: Their Relations in the Great Crises of European History, 1500-1900, trans. (London, 1900) ; Sybel, Die Begriindung des deutschen Reichs (Munich, 1890-94), trans. by Perrin and Bradford as The Foundation of the German Empire (New York, 1890-98) ; Treit schke, Deutsche Geschichte im neunzehnten Jahr hundert (Leipzig, 1879-94) ; Maurenbrecher, Grundung des deutschen Reichs 1859-71 (Leipzig, 1892) ; Oneken, Das Zeitalter der Revolution, des Kaiserreiches and der Befreiungskriege (Berlin, 1890-92) ; Bulk, Geschichte der neusten Zeit, 1815-71 (Leipzig, 1886-87) ; ErdmannsdOrffer, Deutsche Geschichte Don westphdlischen Frieden bis zum Regierungsantritt Friedrichs des Grossen, 1648-1740 (Berlin, 1892-94). Useful available
books in English are: Malleson, The Refounding of the German Empire, 1848-71 (London, 1893) ; Muller, Political History of Recent Times, 1816 75 (New York, 1882), translated and brought down to 1881 by Peters, a compact and useful volume, written with special reference to Ger many; Murdock, The Reconstruction of Europe (Boston, 1889) ; Baring-Gould, Germany, Past and Present (London, 1881). For an account of German diplomacy during the critical period of its history in the nineteenth century, consult Debidour, 17istoire diplomatique de l'Europe, 1814-78, vols. i. and ii. (Paris. 1891). For de tailed references on German history, consult the bibliographies in Lavisse and Rambaud, His toire generale (Paris, 1893-1900) ; Seignobos, Political History of Europe Since 1814 (New York, 1900), and especially Dahlmann-Waitz, Quellenkunde der deutsche,' Geschichte, edited by Steindorif (Gottingen, 1894). See, also, Mi norities referred to under the names of persons, parties, and places noted in the text, as BIS MARCK-SClitiNHAUSEN; CALVIN; EUGENE OF SA VOY; FREDERICK II.; THIRTY YEARS' WAR; etC.