The changes have not been so marked in Scot land, Presbyterianism having a much firmer hold upon that country than Episcopacy has upon England. Both the Episcopal and the dissenting churches mentioned above have secured a footing in Scotland, but have never become.strong. Lat terly the Catholics have had a growth in Scot land similar to that in England, and in 1900 their number was estimated at about 365,000. However, Presbyterianism itself has had an eventful course, undergoing a number of schisms. The Established branch, though still containing over half of the total number of Presbyterians, contains less than half of the Church communi cants of the country. When, after the union with England, Parliament gave lay patrons the right to present clergymen to vacant benefices, the ensuing dispute resulted, in the early part of the eighteenth century, in two divisions, the se ceding bodies afterwards uniting and becoming known as the United Presbyterian Church of Scotland; and finally in 1843 the same question resulted in another division from the Established Church, which gave rise to the Free Church of Scotland. In 1900 this body effected a joint organization with the United Presbyterian branch under the name of the United Free Church of Scotland. Of the minor divisions of the Presby
terian Church, the most important is that known as the Reformed Presbyterian. Neither the Es tablished Church in England nor the Established Presbyterian Church in Scotland receives any State financial aid. The support of the Episcopal Church is secured mainly from the local endow ments of the individual churches.
In Ireland the Celtic element has persistently stood by the Catholic faith, hut the early influx of Scotch Presbyterians and English Episcopa lians and the very heavy emigration of the Catholics in the nineteenth century have resulted in appreciably reducing the Catholic percentage. The Episcopalians, who in 1901 numbered about 579,000, or 13 per cent. of the population, are centred in Dublin and the eastern portion of the island. The Presbyterians, with a member ship of 443,000, are confined largely to the north eastern part. There are 61,000 Methodists.
Jews are not numerous in the United King dom, 150,000 being given as their number in 1901. They are confined to London and a few of the other large towns. The organization of the different denominations represented in the United Kingdom will be given under the respec tive titles of those bodies. See also IRELAND.