Among the other productions of this mo narchy, we may notice that tobacco is a mono poly engrossed by the department of finance in every province but Hungary, Transylvania, and the Tyrol. The annual produce of Hun gary alone amounts to 330,000 mats. There are private manufactories in the three pro vinces to which this monopoly does not ex tend. Of seed-oil, though the produce is very considerable in all quarters, enough is not manufactured for the consumption. Large quantities of olive-oil also are obtained from the territories of Lombardy and Venice, parti elderly the neighbourhood of the Lego di Garda, Illyria, and Dalmatia. The manufac tures of paper and of glass are very extensive, and employ a large number of hands.
In Mineral Productions Austria surpasses every other country in Europe. With the exception of platinum, it would be difficult to name any metal which it does not possess. The richest of its gold-mines are in Transyl vania, which has been called the gold-mine of Europe, and in which no less than forty mines are worked. Silver is largely produced in Hungary ; and in smaller quantities in other districts. Schemnitz is the great mining capital for the gold and silver districts. Cop per mines and works exist in different parts of the empire : and the annual supply of cop per which is raised in the Austrian dominions would appear to amount to about 2500 or 3000 tons. More than double this quantity of lead is produced. Iron is a metal of which almost inexhaustible resources exist, though, on ac count of the dearness of fuel, the mines have not yet been turned to any very extensive use : the quantity raised throughout the empire is about 80,000 tons per annurm In the Hut tenberg, Carinthia possesses one of the oldest and at the same time one of tho richest iron mines in Europe, its produce being from 8000 to 9000 tons a year. Tin is raised in no part of Austria but Bohemia, and the whole pro duce does not exceed 2000 cwt., which is far short of the consumption. The quality, how ever is good. There is no mine of quicksilver in Europe so rich as the mine at Idris, in Carniola. Calamine and zinc are obtained from the Tyrol, the Archduchy, Styria, and Bohemia ; cobalt from Hungary, Styria, and Bohemia; arsenic from Hungary, Transyl vania, Bohemia, and Salsburg ; antimony from Hungary, Transylvania, the Tyrol, and Bohemia ; chrome from the Tyrol; and bis muth and manganese from Hungary.
The various species of salt, such as sea salt, rock, and that made from brine-springs, exist in abundance. The celebrated mine of Wieliczka, which has been worked ever'since the year 1253, and lies in the north-western part of Galizia, is but an inconsiderable inroad upon a massive bed extending for a length of nearly600 miles along the Carpathians, as far as Okna in Wallachia. Tho whole salt pro
duce of the empire amounts to nearly 300,000 tons yearly. Vitriol, alum, saltpetre, and soda, are among the mineral produc Wood fuel is much more used than coal or peat; yet there is considerable abundance of these. Every part of the Austrian dominions possesses more or less of native sulphur, but more particularly Galizia, Hungary, Transyl vania, and Bohemia. Mineral tar and oil are chiefly obtained in Galizia and the Bucko wine ; but they are also produced, though but partially turned to account, in the Archduchy, Hungary, Bohemia, Illyria, and Dalmatia.
Among precious stones, the Bohemian car buncle and Hungarian opal stand in highest repute. The chalcedony, ruby, emerald, jas per, amethyst, topaz, carnelian, chrysolite, and beryl, as well as what is called the 'marble diamond,' in Hungary, must be added to the list of Austrian precious stones. Marble of every description and variety of colour and vein is raised either in Hungary, Transylva nia, Bohemia, the Archduchy, Tyrol, Styria, Illyria, Dalmatia, or the Italian possessions of Austria, in which latter the Veronese alone is said to possess 106 distinct varieties. Carin thia and Styria, indeed, supply a quality of white marble no way inferior to the Carrara marble. Alabaster, serpentine, black tourma line, gypsum, black-lead, slates, and flint, are among the mineral produce.
The principal seats of the linen manufac ture, or rather of those productions in which flax and heinp are employed, are Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia, which furnish the finest articles of this description in Austria, though in diminished quantities as compared with the earlier part of the present century. For variety and goodness of manufacture, the states of Lombardy and Venice deserve to be classed in the next rank to those three pro vinces. The Tyrol, Hungary, Galizia, and Transylvania produce scarcely any but the middling and coarser species of linen ; nor is there much beyond what is teamed house linen made in the Archduchy, IDytia, or the Military-Frontier districts. The raising and preparation of flax alone in Austria are esti mated to give employment to 750,000 indi viduals, and its native manufactures to yield sufficient not only for domestic use, but for partial exportation.