FUSTIAN; VELVET.
Power-weaving.—In 1678 M. de. Genes invented a rude kind of 'weaving machine, intended to increase the power of the common loom; and other looms were invented which were to be worked by a winch, by •ater-power or by some contrivance more expeditions thar the common hand-weaving ; but a greater step in advance was made by the invention o Dr. Cartwright's power-loom in 1785. [CART witrorrr.] One cause which delayed the adoption of power-looms was the necessity for stopping the machine frequently, in order is dress the warp with paste or size, as it unrolle( rom the beam, which operation required a nail to be employed for each loom, so that here was no saving of expense. But the uccessive inventions of Radcliffe, Horrocks, ftarsland, Roberk, and others, have since ,nought the dressing-machine and the power oom to a high state of efficiency.
Taking a piece of calico as the representative 1 plain fabrics generally, the mode of proceed ng in power-loom factories may be shortly ;ketched as follows ;—The warping frame is so irranged as to be worked by steam-power, and o bring the yarns into a parallel layer, which s transferred to the dressing-machine, This atter is a large piece of mechanism, in which he threads dip into paste on their way to the varp-heam; undergoing a process of brushing after the dipping. After this dressing the
hawing and mounting for the loom are Wended to. When the warp is properly u-ranged in the loom, steam-power does all he rest; it forms the shed or division of the warp into two parts ; it throws the shuttle ; t drives up the weft with the batten ; it unwinds he warp from the warp-roller ; and winds the woven material on the cloth-roller.