In the department of Seine et Marne, the wine produced is bad, although some of the finest grapes grown in the north of France are gathered in the neighbourhood of Fon tainebleau. The forests, which cover more than one-sixth of the whole surface of the de partment, contain chiefly oak, beech, maple, and birch. Mulch cows are numerous ; veal calves are fed for the supply of Paris ; cheese, known in Paris as fromage de Brie, is made in considerable quantity. The quarries of Chateau-Landon and Nemours furnish very beautiful building stone, of which a very large quantity is raised. Other mineral products are millstone grit, paving flints, alabaster, limestone, gypsum, potters' clay, and white sand. The industrial products include writing and printing paper, pottery and porcelain, cot ton yarn and printed calicos, leather, window glass, &c. Glass globes and cylinders of the largest size are made at Bagneaux, near Ne mours, and also optical and common glass ; in the central prison at Melun various articles are manufactured by the prisoners. The com merce of the department is confined chiefly to agricultural produce, wool, cattle, wood, and charcoal for the supply of Paris.
In the department of Seine et Oise, great numbers of ranch cows, chiefly house-fed, are kept for the supply of Paris and Versailles with milk. Market gardening is a profitable occupation, and is carried on extensively. Fil berts, walnuts, figs, peaches, apricots, grapes, apples, and other common fruits are abun dantly grown. About 17,000,000 gallons of poor wine are made annually. In the north
west of the department, where the vine does not flourish, apples and pears are grown for making cider and perry, the common drinks of the inhabitants of that district. The most important forests are those of St. Germain, Ilambouillet, Dourdan, Smart, and Montmo rency; they contain chiefly oak, birch, and maple, with some beech, chestnut, and hazel. The minerals include only building stone, gypsum, limestone, paving flints, millstone grit, chalk, marl, and potters' and porcelain clay. The industrial energy of the depart ment has been greatly developed since 1780, when the gunpowder works of Essonne (now established at Bouchet), and the porcelain and glass works of Sevres, were the only im• portant establishments it possessed. There are now numerous mills and factories at various points of the department, producing cotton, flaxen, silk, and woollen threads, ca lico, cotton and woollen hosiery, paper, che mical products, woollen cloth, soap, oil, refined sugar, porcelain, glass, saltpetre, beer, toys, crinoline, &c.; besides metal foundries, brick works, and above 800 wind and water mills, the greater number of which are scattered over the arondissemeuts of Corheil, Etampes, and Pontoise. In the prison of I'oissy, various articles of jewellery, cutlery, and furniture are made by the prisoners. The commerce of the department is carried on chiefly with Paris, and consists of the agricultural and industrial products above mentioned.