Common carriers may qualify their com mon-law responsibility by special contract; 4 Coke 83 ; 1 Ventr. 238; Story, Bailm. § 549; New York C. R. Co. v. Lockwood, 17 Wall. (U. S.) 357, 21 L. Ed. 627 ; Michigan C. R. Co. v. Mfg. Co., 16 Wall. (U. S.) 318, 21 L. Ed. 297; Empire Transp. Co. v. Oil Co., 63 Pa. 14, 3 Am. Rep. 515; Indianapolis, D. & W. R. Co. v. Forsythe, 4 Ind. App. 326, 29 N. E. 1138. A carrier cannot exact as a condition precedent that a shipper must sign a contract in writing limiting the common law liability; Atchison, T. & S. F. R. Co. v. Dill, 48 Kan. 210, 29 Pac. 148; Missouri, K. & T. R. Co. of Texas v. Carter, 9 Tex. Civ. App. 677, 29 S. W. 565. A contract to quali fy the common-law liability may be shown by proving a notice, brought home to and assented to by the owner of the goods or his authorized agent, wherein the carrier stipu lates for a qualified liability; 8 M. & W. 243; New Jersey Steam Nay. Co. v. Bank, 6 How. (U. S.) 344, 12 L. Ed. 465; Dorr v. Nay. Co., 11 N. Y. 491, 62 Am. Dec. 125; Laing v. Colder, 8 Pa. 479, 49 Am. Dec. 533; Swindler v. Hilliard, 2 Rich. (S. C.) 286, 45 Am. Dec.
732; Reno v. Hogan, 12 B. Monr. (Ky.) 63, 54 Am. Dec. 513; Farmers' & Mechanics' Bank v. Tramp. Co., 23 Vt. 186, 56 Am. Dec. 68; Barney v. Prentiss, 4 Har. & J. (Md.) 317, 7 Am. Dec. 670. A carrier may for a consideration limit its common law liability; Simmons Hardware Co. v. Ry. Co., 140 Mo. App. 130, 120 S. W. 663; a mere agreement to carry is not a sufficient consideration ; Burgher v. R. Co., 139 Mo. App. 62, 120 S. W. 673; the limitation must be made by spe cial contract; Central of Georgia Ry. Co. v. Hall, 124 Ga. 322, 52 S. E. 679, 4 L. R. A. (N. S.) 898, 110 Am. St. Rep. 170, 4 Ann. Cas. 128; and no contract will be implied from any condition in a bill of lading unless clear ly brought to the shipper's attention at the time of shipment; Baltimore & 0. R. Co. v. Doyle, 142 Fed. 669, 74 C. C. A. 245. In the case of passage tickets for an ocean voyage a limitation with regard to bag gage liability covers a loss occasioned by negligence although not expressly provided for; Tewes v. S. S. Co., 186 N. Y. 151, 78 N.