v. Chambers; 73 Ohio St. 16, 76 N. E. 91, 11 L. R. A. (N.' S.) 1012, affirmed in Chambers v. R. Co., 207 U. S. 142, 28 Sup. Ct. 34, 52 L. Ed. 143, where it was held that the plaintiff was not' denied access to the Ohio courts because she was not a citizen of that state, but because her cause of action was not cognizable in those courts.
Generally, under the statutes; the remedy is open to non-residents ; In re Mayo's Es tate, 60 S. C. 401, 38 S. E. 634, 54 L. R. A. 660. Non-resident aliens are within the operation of such statute permitting the father, mother, widow or next of kin of one killed by another's negligence (or the per sonal representatives of the deceased, for their benefit) to maintain an action, al though the statute does not expressly declare that they shall be entitled to its benefit; Rietveld v. R. Co., 129 Ia. 249, 105 N. W, 515 ; Trotta's Adm'r v. Johnson, 121 Ky. 827, 90 S. W. 540, 12 Ann. Cas. 222; Masci tell v. Union Carbide Co., 151 Mich. 693, 115 N. W. 721; Kellyville Coal Co. v. Petray tis, 195 Ill. 215, 63 N. E. 94, 88 Am. St. Rep. 191 ; Atchison, T. & S. F. Ry. Co. v. Fajardo, 74 Kan. 314, 86 Pac. 301, 6 L. R. A. (N. 8.) 681; Ferrara v. Mining Co., 43 Colo. 496, 95 Pac. 952, 17 L. R. A. (N. S.) 964; Gaska v. Car & Foundry Co., 127 Mo. App. 169, 105 S. W. 3 ; Low Moor Iron Co. v. La Bianca's Adm'r, 106 Va. 83, 55 S. E. 532, 9 Ann. Cas. 1177 ; Mulhall v. Fallon, 176 Mass. 266, 57 N. E. 386, 54 L. R. A. 984, 79 Am. St. Rep. 309; Kellyville Coal Co: v. Petraytis, 195 Ill. 215, 63 N. E. 94, 88 Am. St. Rep. 191; Szymanski v. Blumenthal, 3 Pennewill (Del.) 558, 52 Atl. 347; Renlund v. Min. Co:, 89 Minn. 41, 93 N. W: 1057, 99 Am. St. Rep. 534; Bon thron v. Fuel Co., 8 Ariz. 129, 71 Pac. 941, 61 L. R. A. 563; Alfson v. Bush Co., 182 N. Y. 393, 75 N. E. 230, 108 Am. St. Rep. 815; Pittsburgh, C., C. & St. L. R. Co. v. Naylor, 73 Ohio' St. 115, 76 N. E. 505, 3 L. R. A. (N. S.) 473, 112 Am. St. Rep. 701; Cetofonte v. Coke Co., 78 N. J. L. 662, 75 Atl. 913, 27 L. R. A. (N. S.) 1058; Patek v. Relining Co., 154 Fed. 190, 83 C. C. A. 284, 21 L. R. A. (N. S.) 273 (Colorado); Mahoning Ore & Steel Co. v. Blomfelt, 163 Fed. 827, 91 C. U.
A. 390 (Minnesota) ; Kaneko v. Ry. Co., 164 Fed. 263 (California); Anustasakas v. Con tract Co., 51 Wash. 119, 98 Pac. 93, 21 L. B. A. (N. S.) 267, 130 Am. St. Rep. 1089. The courts of Pennsylvania, Wisconsin and In diana denied this right; Deni v. B. Co., 181 Pa. 525, 37 Atl. 558, 59 Am. St. Rep. 676; Maiorano v. R. Co., 216 Pa. 402, 65 Atl. 1077, 21 L. R. A. (N. S.) 271, 116 Am. St. Rep. 778 ; affirmed in 213 U. S. 268, 29 Sup. Ct. 424, 53 L. Ed. 792; McMillan v. Lumber Co., 115 Wis. 332, 91 N. W. 979, 60 L. R. A. 589, 95 Am. St. Rep. 947; Cleveland, C., C. & St. L. R. Co. v: Osgood (Ind.) 70 N. E. 839. The federal courts sitting in vania followed the Pennsylvania courts; Zeiger v. 14. Co., 151 Fed. 348, affirmed in 158 Fed. 809, 86 C. C. A. 69. In Brannigan v. Mining Co., 93 Fed. 164, the United States circuit court for Colorado followed the Penn sylvania decisions in construing the Colorado statute.
In England, too, the rulings have been conflicting. It was held that Lord Camp bell's Act does not give a right of action for the benefit of a non-resident alien; 1.1898j 2 Q. B. 430; but a later case disapproved this ruling and a right of recovery on be half of a non-resident alien widow was sus tained; [1901) 2 K. B. 606.
It was sought in Maiorano v. R. Co., 216 Pa. 402, 65 Atl. 1077, 21 L. R. A. (N. S.) 271, 116 Am. St. Rep. 778, to overrule the earlier Pennsylvania decisions by contending that the plaintiff was protected by the existing treaty between the United States and Italy providing that citizens of Italy shall enjoy in states of the Union in the protection and security of their persons and property the same rights which are enjoyed by citizens of the United States. But it was held that such a treaty conferred such rights only upon those citizens of Italy who bring their persons or property within the jurisdiction of the United States ; that the plaintiff in this case, being a citizen and resident of Italy, could not recover damages for her husband's death. This was affirmed by the United States Supreme Court ; 213 U. S. 268, 29 Sup. Ct. 424, 53 L. Ed. 792.